Chapter 1-8: Cellular Structure and Tissues (Vocabulary Flashcards)

1. Photosynthesis

• Definition: The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.

• Inputs: Light energy, water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and minerals.

• Outputs: Oxygen (O_2) and energy-rich organic compounds (like glucose).

• Chemical Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + \text{Light Energy} \rightarrow C6H{12}O6 + 6O2

  • CO_2: Carbon Dioxide

  • H_2O: Water

  • C6H{12}O_6: Glucose (a sugar)

  • O_2: Oxygen

2. Cellular Respiration

• Definition: The process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules to release chemical energy for life-sustaining activities.

• Inputs: Oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H{12}O6) or other foodstuffs.

• Outputs: Energy (ATP), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).

• Chemical Equation: C6H{12}O6 + 6O2 \rightarrow 6CO2 + 6H2O + \text{Energy (ATP)}

  • This process is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis.

3. Interdependence of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

• These two processes are mutually dependent and form a vital cycle for life on Earth.

• Photosynthesis's Role: Produces the oxygen and glucose that are consumed by cellular respiration.

• Cellular Respiration's Role: Produces the carbon dioxide and water that are consumed by photosynthesis.

• This cycle facilitates the flow of chemical energy between organisms and their environment.