hgap vocab - 1-7 full

AP Human Geography Vocabulary Units 1-7

Absolute location

Census data

Clustering

Distortion

Environmental determinism

Field Observation

Flows (migration)

Formal region

Functional region

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Geographical data

Land Use

Landscape Analysis

Map projection & distortion

Toponym

Friction of distance

Natural Resources

Perceptual/ vernacular region

Place

Possibilism

Reference maps

Regional analysis

Regional scale

Relative location

Remote sensing

Satellite imagery

Satellite navigation system (GPS)

Scale (map scale)

Scale (scale of analysis)

Space

Spatial Pattern

Sustainability

Thematic maps

Time-distance decay

Site

Situation

Aging population

Agricultural population density

Anti Natalist population policies 

Arable

Arithmetic population density

Asylum Seekers

Boserup Theory

Carrying Capacity

census

Chain migration

Contraception

Counterurbanization

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Cyclic movement

Demographic transition model (DTM)

Demography

Dependency ratio

Doubling Time

ecumene

Ehrlich Theory

Emigration

Epidemiological transition model (ETM)

eugenic population policies

expansive population policies

family planning

Forced migration

GDP

Guest worker

 Immigration

Immigration policies

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Infrastructure

Internal migration

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

International migration

Interregional migration

Intervening Obstacle/Opportunity (when migrating/moving)

Intraregional migration

Less Developed Country (LDC)

Life Expectancy

Literacy Rate

Malthusian Theory

medical revolution

Migration

More Developed Country (MDC)

Neo-Malthusian

Newly Industrializing Country (NDC)

Nomadism

overpopulation

Periodic movement

Physiological population density

Population density

Population Distribution 

Population Pyramids

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary economic sectors

Pro Natalist population policies

Pull factors

Push factors

Natural Increase Rate

Ravenstein’s laws of migration

Refugees

Remittances

restrictive population policies

Rural-to-urban migration 

Sex ratio

Step migration

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Transhumance

Transnational migration

Unauthorized immigrants

Voluntary migration

Culture

Acculturation

Appropriation

Architecture: traditional and modern

Assimilation

Cultural convergence 

Cultural divergence

Cultural landscape

Cultural relativism

Colonialism

Culture

Cultural trait

Diffusion

Ethnocentrism

Expansion diffusion

contagious, stimulus, hierarchical 

Hearth

Imperialism 

Indigenous communities

Multiculturalism

Relocation diffusion

Sequent occupance

Syncretism

Race, Ethnicity,Gender, and Identity 

Centripetal forces

Centrifugal forces

Ethnic neighborhoods

Gender roles

Ethnicity

Race

Language 

Creolization/Creolized Languages  

Dialect

Indo-European

Hearths

Language families

Languages

Lingua franca

Linguistic

Pidgin 

Toponyms

Religion (Origin and Diffusion)

Animism

Buddhism

Christianity

Ethnic religions

Hinduism

Indigenous religions

Islam

Judaism

Sikhism

Syncretic religion

Universalizing religions

Administered boundaries

African Union

Antecedent boundaries

Arctic Council

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Autonomous/Semi-autonomous regions

Centripetal forces 

Centrifugal forces

Choke points

Consequent/Subsequent  boundaries

Defined boundaries

Delimited boundaries

Demarcated boundaries

Devolution

European Union (EU)

Failed State

Federal states

Geometric boundaries

Heartland Theory

Imperialism 

Maritime boundaries

Multinational states

Multistate nations

Nations

Nation-states

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Reservations (Native Americans)

Redistricting

Relic boundaries

Self-determination

Separatist movements 

Shatterbelt region 

Sovereignty

State

Stateless nations

Superimposed boundaries

Supranational organizations

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Unitary states

United Nations (UN)

Voting districts

Agribusiness

Bid-rent theory 

Cadastral System

Cash Crops

Clustered land use settlement 

Columbian Exchange

Commercial Agriculture

Commodity chains

Community-supported agriculture (CSA)

Composting

Cover Crops

Deforestation

Desertification

Dispersed settlements

Eat-local movement

Export commodities

Extensive farming practices

Fair trade

Farm to Table

Feedlot

Fertile Crescent

Fertilizer

First Agricultural Revolution 

Food Deserts 

Food Insecurity 

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Hydroponics (vertical/indoor farming) 

Holistic Land Management 

Horticulture

Independent Invention 

Inputs (Agricultural inputs)

Intensive farming practices

Irrigation

Linear Settlements

Long-lot Settlements 

Market Gardening

Mediterranean climate & agriculture 

Metes and bounds

Mixed crop/livestock systems

Monocropping/Monoculture

Multicropping

Nomadic herding/ Pastoral nomadism

Organic farming

Pesticide & Herbicides

Plantation agriculture

Ranching

Regenerative agriculture 

Rectangular survey system 

Rural settlement patterns

Second Agricultural Revolution

Shifting cultivation

Slash and burn 

Soil vs dirt

Soil salinization

Subsistence Agriculture

Supply Chains

Sustainability  

Terracing

Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)

Township and range

Urban farming

Value-added specialty crops

von Thünen model

African City Model (Sub-Saharan) 

Blockbusting

Boomburbs 

Brownfields

Burgess Concentric-Zone model

Christaller’s Central Place theory

City

City infrastructure

County government

Decentralization 

Disamenity zones

Ecological footprint

Edge cities

Exurbs

Farmland protection policies

Galactic city model 

Garden city movement

Gentrification 

Geographic fragmentation of government 

Gravity Model

Greenbelts

Griffin-Ford Latin America city model

Harris and Ullman Multiple-Nuclei model

Housing density

Housing discrimination

Hoyt Sector model

Infilling

Land use

Infrastructure Projects 

Mass/Public Transit (and other alternative transportation methods to cars)

Megacities

Metacities

Metropolitan area/metropolis 

Mixed land use development

New Urbanism

Periphery

Primate city

Rank-size rule

Redlining

Semi Periphery 

Slow-growth cities

Smart-growth policies 

Southeast Asian City Model

Squatter settlements

Suburbs & Suburbanization

Sprawl (urban and suburban)

Sustainable urban initiatives

Transportation-oriented development

Urban growth boundaries

Urbanization 

Urban hierarchy

Urban Planning 

Urban renewal 

Walkability

World Cities/Global Cities

Zones of abandonment

Zoning

Agglomeration

Alfred Weber’s Least Cost Theory 

Break-of-bulk point

Capitalism 

Colonialism & Imperialism  (in regards to economics)

Commodity Theory 

Command Economy 

Complementary advantage

Comparative advantage 

Competitive advantage

Core countries

Debt crisis

Dependency theory 

Economies of scale

Ecotourism

Export Economy 

Export-processing zones (Special economic zones)

Formal Economy

Free market (Laissez-faire) 

Free trade agreements

Gender empowerment

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Global financial crisis

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Gross National Product (GNP)

Growth poles

High technology industries

Human Development Index

Imperialism (in regards to economics)

Income distribution 

Industrialization

Inflation

Informal economy

International division of labor 

International Monetary Fund

Just-in-time delivery

Labor-market participation

Least cost theory 

Literacy rates

Manufacturing

Markets 

MERCOSUR

Microloans

Multiplier effects

Neoliberal policies

OPEC

Opportunity cost

Outsourcing

Periphery countries 

Public investment

Public transportation & infrastructure projects

Renewable energy

Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth

Tariffs

Taxes

Trade (import & export)

Semi-periphery countries

Socialism 

Supply and demand

Sustainable development

Wallerstein’s World System Theory

Welfare

World Trade Organization (WTO)