Midterm endocrine

Anatomy and Physiology

Instructions: Provide the correct term(s) for each question that follows.

What is the major job of the endocrine system?

Answer: produce and release hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

These are hormones that help control the release of other hormones in the body. What are they?

Answer: pituitary hormones

What term is used to describe the gland that controls all the other glands and organs in the endocrine system?

Answer: master gland

Which gland, located in the brain, controls a person’s sleep cycle?

Answer: pineal gland

Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands located?

Answer: in the neck and near the thyroid gland

What gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones that affect the behavior of other endocrine glands?

Answer: pituitary gland

During puberty, does the thyroid gland shrink or enlarge?

Answer: grows

Where are the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland located?

Answer: brain

What is the process called by which the body absorbs and uses nutrients?

Answer: assimilation

The thymus gland is located ________?

Answer: chest

Matching: Hormones

Instructions: Match each hormone with its correct function.

GHRH

LH

norepinephrine

TRH

ACTH

GnRH

glucagon

MSH

GHIH

TSH

insulin

Raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the blood

Answer: Glucagon

Prepares the body for the stress response

Answer: norepinephrine

Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland

Answer: GnRH

Regulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland

Answer: TRH

Stimulates the pigment melanin

Answer: MSH

Stimulates the release of GH from the pituitary gland

Answer: GHRH

What test is considered the most accurate measure of thyroid activity? (add to your notes)

Answer: TSH

Inhibits the release of GH from the pituitary gland

Answer: insulin

Stimulates ovulation in females (control menstruation and stimulates production of testosterone in men).

Answer: LH- luteinizing hormone

Stimulates the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands

Answer: ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone

This hormone helps lower blood sugar levels in the body

Answer: insulin

Matching: Endocrine Glands

Instructions: Match each hormone with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

anterior pituitary gland

thyroid gland

adrenal medulla

ovaries

thymus

pancreas

posterior pituitary gland

parathyroid glands

adrenal cortex

testes

epinephrine

Answer:Adrenal medulla

cortisol

Answer: Adrenal cortex

estrogen

Answer: ovaries

insulin

Answer: pancreas

PTH

Answer: parathyroid

GH

Answer: Anterior pituitary gland

ADH

Answer:posterior pituitary gland

testosterone

Answer: testes

thymosin

Answer: Thymus

T4

Answer: Thyroid

Matching: Diseases and Conditions

Instructions: Match the term for each endocrine disease or condition to the correct meaning.

exophthalmos

Addison’s disease

ketoacidosis

diabetes mellitus

tetany

acromegaly

dwarfism

SIADH

gigantism

Grave’s disease

Metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia

Answer: Diabetes Mellitus

Enlarged extremities

Answer: acromegaly

Condition characterized by nerve irritability and muscle spasms

Answer:Tetany

Excessive development of the body

Answer: Gigantism

Condition characterized by protruding eyeballs

Answer:exophthalmos

Excessive secretion of ADH, leading to hypervolemia and hyponatremia

Answer:SIADH

Autoimmune condition that results in hyperthyroidism

Answer: Grave’s Disease

Release of excess acidic ketone bodies

Answer:ketoacidosis

Condition of being abnormally short in height

Answer: Dwarfism

Condition characterized by weakness, weight loss, and increased skin pigmentation

Answer: Addison’s disease

Vocabulary to Know:

Instructions: Use your notes and highlight the vocabulary words. If the word is not in your notes, make sure to add it. Make sure to add the FUNCTION, hormones and effects of each gland to your notes.

exocrine glands: Secrete hormones via ducts

endocrine glands: Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.

hypothalamus: All endocrine glands are under control of the hypothalamus. Control center of autonomic nervous system, regulating heart rate, bp, boy temp and involuntary body functions.

pituitary gland: The master gland which secretes hormones that control activity of other endocrine glands.

pineal gland: Regulates the circadian rhythm or 24hr sleep and wake cycle.

parathyroid glands: Regulates calcium levels throughout the body and stimulates the breakdown of the bone.

thymus: Plays a large role in immune reaction, Midline in the anterior position of the thoracic cavity, Promotes development of T cells that fight infections by the immune system.

pancreas: Controls blood glucose levels. Stimulates liver to release stored glucose into blood to increase blood glucose levels. Regulates absorbtion of glucose into blood cells. Reduces blood glucose levels.

ovaries: Female gonads. Produce gametes. Estrogen (Development of female secondary sex characteristics) and Progesterone (prepares the female body for pregnancy). Regulates female reproductive system.

testes: Two testes in male reproductive system. Male gonads. Secrete testosterone, a hormone that regulates secondary sex characteristics

The human body is composed of various systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system, in particular, plays a crucial role by producing and releasing hormones that regulate key bodily functions. Key glands include the pituitary, which acts as the master gland, and the thyroid, which regulates metabolism. Hormones released by these glands can influence growth, metabolism, and mood, highlighting the intricate interplay within the body's systems.

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions, maintaining homeostasis. Major glands in this system include:

• Pituitary Gland: Known as the master gland, it regulates other endocrine glands and affects growth and metabolism.

• Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism and energy levels.

• Adrenal Glands: Produce hormones related to stress response and metabolism.

• Pancreas: Controls blood glucose levels through insulin and glucagon.

• Ovaries: Produce estrogen and progesterone, regulating female reproductive functions.

• Testes: Secrete testosterone, influencing male reproductive functions.

• Pineal Gland: Regulates sleep cycles through melatonin production.

Hormones, such as insulin and cortisol, carry messages through the bloodstream to help regulate processes like growth, mood, and metabolism, emphasizing the complex interactions within the body.