Anatomy and Physiology
Instructions: Provide the correct term(s) for each question that follows.
What is the major job of the endocrine system?
Answer: produce and release hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
These are hormones that help control the release of other hormones in the body. What are they?
Answer: pituitary hormones
What term is used to describe the gland that controls all the other glands and organs in the endocrine system?
Answer: master gland
Which gland, located in the brain, controls a person’s sleep cycle?
Answer: pineal gland
Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands located?
Answer: in the neck and near the thyroid gland
What gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones that affect the behavior of other endocrine glands?
Answer: pituitary gland
During puberty, does the thyroid gland shrink or enlarge?
Answer: grows
Where are the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland located?
Answer: brain
What is the process called by which the body absorbs and uses nutrients?
Answer: assimilation
The thymus gland is located ________?
Answer: chest
Matching: Hormones
Instructions: Match each hormone with its correct function.
GHRH
LH
norepinephrine
TRH
ACTH
GnRH
glucagon
MSH
GHIH
TSH
insulin
Raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the blood
Answer: Glucagon
Prepares the body for the stress response
Answer: norepinephrine
Stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland
Answer: GnRH
Regulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland
Answer: TRH
Stimulates the pigment melanin
Answer: MSH
Stimulates the release of GH from the pituitary gland
Answer: GHRH
What test is considered the most accurate measure of thyroid activity? (add to your notes)
Answer: TSH
Inhibits the release of GH from the pituitary gland
Answer: insulin
Stimulates ovulation in females (control menstruation and stimulates production of testosterone in men).
Answer: LH- luteinizing hormone
Stimulates the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands
Answer: ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone
This hormone helps lower blood sugar levels in the body
Answer: insulin
Matching: Endocrine Glands
Instructions: Match each hormone with the endocrine gland that secretes it.
anterior pituitary gland
thyroid gland
adrenal medulla
ovaries
thymus
pancreas
posterior pituitary gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal cortex
testes
epinephrine
Answer:Adrenal medulla
cortisol
Answer: Adrenal cortex
estrogen
Answer: ovaries
insulin
Answer: pancreas
PTH
Answer: parathyroid
GH
Answer: Anterior pituitary gland
ADH
Answer:posterior pituitary gland
testosterone
Answer: testes
thymosin
Answer: Thymus
T4
Answer: Thyroid
Matching: Diseases and Conditions
Instructions: Match the term for each endocrine disease or condition to the correct meaning.
exophthalmos
Addison’s disease
ketoacidosis
diabetes mellitus
tetany
acromegaly
dwarfism
SIADH
gigantism
Grave’s disease
Metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia
Answer: Diabetes Mellitus
Enlarged extremities
Answer: acromegaly
Condition characterized by nerve irritability and muscle spasms
Answer:Tetany
Excessive development of the body
Answer: Gigantism
Condition characterized by protruding eyeballs
Answer:exophthalmos
Excessive secretion of ADH, leading to hypervolemia and hyponatremia
Answer:SIADH
Autoimmune condition that results in hyperthyroidism
Answer: Grave’s Disease
Release of excess acidic ketone bodies
Answer:ketoacidosis
Condition of being abnormally short in height
Answer: Dwarfism
Condition characterized by weakness, weight loss, and increased skin pigmentation
Answer: Addison’s disease
Vocabulary to Know:
Instructions: Use your notes and highlight the vocabulary words. If the word is not in your notes, make sure to add it. Make sure to add the FUNCTION, hormones and effects of each gland to your notes.
exocrine glands: Secrete hormones via ducts
endocrine glands: Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
hypothalamus: All endocrine glands are under control of the hypothalamus. Control center of autonomic nervous system, regulating heart rate, bp, boy temp and involuntary body functions.
pituitary gland: The master gland which secretes hormones that control activity of other endocrine glands.
pineal gland: Regulates the circadian rhythm or 24hr sleep and wake cycle.
parathyroid glands: Regulates calcium levels throughout the body and stimulates the breakdown of the bone.
thymus: Plays a large role in immune reaction, Midline in the anterior position of the thoracic cavity, Promotes development of T cells that fight infections by the immune system.
pancreas: Controls blood glucose levels. Stimulates liver to release stored glucose into blood to increase blood glucose levels. Regulates absorbtion of glucose into blood cells. Reduces blood glucose levels.
ovaries: Female gonads. Produce gametes. Estrogen (Development of female secondary sex characteristics) and Progesterone (prepares the female body for pregnancy). Regulates female reproductive system.
testes: Two testes in male reproductive system. Male gonads. Secrete testosterone, a hormone that regulates secondary sex characteristics
The human body is composed of various systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system, in particular, plays a crucial role by producing and releasing hormones that regulate key bodily functions. Key glands include the pituitary, which acts as the master gland, and the thyroid, which regulates metabolism. Hormones released by these glands can influence growth, metabolism, and mood, highlighting the intricate interplay within the body's systems.The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions, maintaining homeostasis. Major glands in this system include:
Pituitary Gland: Known as the master gland, it regulates other endocrine glands and affects growth and metabolism.
Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism and energy levels.
Adrenal Glands: Produce hormones related to stress response and metabolism.
Pancreas: Controls blood glucose levels through insulin and glucagon.
Ovaries: Produce estrogen and progesterone, regulating female reproductive functions.
Testes: Secrete testosterone, influencing male reproductive functions.
Pineal Gland: Regulates sleep cycles through melatonin production.
Hormones, such as insulin and cortisol, carry messages through the bloodstream to help regulate processes like growth, mood, and metabolism, emphasizing the complex interactions within the body.