BIO 114 Quiz 1 Study Guide

BIO 114 - Quiz 1 Study Guide

Life's Functions

• Growth: Increase in size or cell number.
• Nutrient Gathering (Nutrition): Obtaining necessary resources.
• Reproduction: Producing offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species.
• Eat: To take food in to gain energy, for example, absorbing or ingesting.
• Excrete: Eliminating waste products.
• Transport: Moving substances within the organism.
• Regulation: Maintaining internal balance and coordinating bodily functions.

Homeostasis

• Regulation of an organism's internal environment.
• Maintaining a stable internal environment despite external environmental changes.

Classification Scheme

• Hierarchical system for organizing living organisms:
  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Homo sapiens

• Classification for humans:
  • Genus: Homo
  • Species: sapiens

Scientific Method

• A systematic approach to scientific inquiry:
  • Observe: Identification and sensory perception of phenomena.
  • Make a Hypothesis: A testable explanation or prediction.
    • Estimate, educated guess.
  • Design an Experiment: A structured procedure to test the hypothesis.
    • Control: Contains all variables except the one being tested.
    • Experimental: Contains all variables, including the one being tested.
  • Collect Data and Analyze Results: Gather and interpret experimental data.
  • Avoid Bias: Ensuring objectivity in data collection and interpretation.
  • Discuss Results and Draw a Conclusion: Evaluate the data and determine whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.
    • Was hypothesis accepted or rejected?

Definition of a Living Cell

• Capable of reproducing itself without external help.
• Viruses and prions are NOT considered living cells because:
  • Viruses: Require a host cell to replicate.
  • Prions: Are infectious proteins, not cells.

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes:
  • Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• Prokaryotes:
  • Cells lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Hierarchy of Life

• Organization of life from broadest to most specific:
  • Biosphere: The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life.
  • Ecosystem: A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
  • Communities: Populations of different species living and interacting in an area.
  • Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
  • Species/Organism: A single living entity.
  • Organ Systems: Groups of organs working together to perform specific functions.
  • Organ: A structure composed of different tissues working together.
  • Tissue: A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
  • Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of life.
  • Molecule: A group of atoms bonded together.
  • Atom: The basic unit of matter.