PR2_CHAPTER 1 (1)

Page 1: Introduction and Background of the Study

Importance of Time Management

• Emphasis on effective time management as a key to success (Pugh & Nathwani, 2017; Nasrullah & Khan, 2015).

• Frederick W. Taylor introduced time management concepts to analyze time and motion studies, aiming to reduce time wastage (Savino, 2016).

• Organizations today leverage time management tools for enhanced performance (Kumar & Aithal, 2019).

• Early adoption of time management skills is advised for students (Valle et al., 2016).

Definition and Characteristics of Time Management

• Time management is a form of self-management focusing on activities, efficiency, timing, and scheduling (Savino, 2015).

• Associated with lower anxiety and higher academic achievement in students (Jenaabadi et al., 2016).

• Viewed as behavioral attributes involving time attitudes, long-range planning, and short-range planning (Acon & Aguinis, 2017).

  • Time Attitudes: Perspectives on the past, present, and future; linked to academic success (Nieuwoudt & Brickhill, 2017).

  • Long-Range Planning: Management of tasks over an extended period to meet objectives.

  • Short-Range Planning: Day-to-day task management (Razali et al., 2018).

Academic Outcomes and Time Management Behavior

• Studies indicate a direct correlation between effective time management and academic success (Nadinloyi et al., 2013; Kharadze et al., 2017).

• Challenges from workload spikes in higher education require effective time management to balance studies and personal life.

• Poor time management skills could lead to anxiety and diminished academic performance, particularly during assessment times (Scherer et al., 2017).

Statement of the Problem

• Main research goal: Investigate the link between time management and academic performance.

• Research questions:

  1. Is there a correlation between effective time management strategies and student academic performance?

  2. Does ineffective time management contribute to assignment difficulties and unsatisfactory outcomes?

  3. To what extent does teacher support alleviate the negative impacts of time constraints?

Significance of the Study

• For Students: Development of effective time management strategies can lead to better academic grades.

• For Teachers: Professional growth through collaboration and accurate problem addressing is vital for enhancing student performance.

• For Families: Parental involvement is shown to improve academic performance and personal development, impacting students' academic attitudes and success.

Page 2: Scope, Delimitation, and Related Literature

Study Intent and Methodology

• The study aims to explore time management's link to academic performance and its implications for educational outcomes.

• Utilizes purposive sampling to select participants based on relevant characteristics to obtain insightful data.

• Targets selected HUMSS students from San Jose City National High School for the academic year 2024-2025.

Literature Review on Time Management

Time Management Skills and Academic Performance

• Ocak et al. (2016): Found a correlation between academic procrastination and time management among 332 undergraduates.

• Ariely & Wertenbroch (2002): Studied procrastination and deadlines, finding self-imposed deadlines less effective than external ones in improving performance.

• Effective prioritization of tasks yields better academic outcomes (Britton & Tesser, 1991).

• Use of time management tools helps organization and reduces stress (Macan, 1994).

• Managing distractions leads to better focus and academic performance (Brady et al., 2021).

External Factors Influencing Time Management

• Smith & Jones (2018): Pointed out financial issues affecting academic performance through delayed project submissions.

• Raković et al. (2023): Emphasized the role of time management in flipped classrooms and preparatory tasks.

Teacher Support

• Teacher support is proven crucial for success in facing academic challenges (Weinberg, 2018).

• Flexible deadlines from teachers enhance engagement and reduce student stress (Raković et al., 2023).

Page 3: Student Well-Being and Support Systems

Connection Between Well-Being and Academic Success

• Student satisfaction correlates positively with academic performance (Smith et al., 2002).

• Proactive help-seeking behavior enhances student success and is linked to having a support network.

Key Studies

• Ariely & Wertenbroch (2002): Highlights the significance of setting realistic goals and deadlines to combat procrastination and improve performance.