Harmony - The combination of different musical notes played or sung simultaneously to produce a pleasing sound.

Melody - A sequence of notes that are perceived as a single entity; often the main theme of a piece of music.

Rhythm - The pattern of sounds and silences in music, which is created by the arrangement of notes in time.

Dynamics - The variations in loudness between notes or phrases in music, indicating how soft or loud the music should be played.

Tempo - The speed at which a piece of music is played, typically measured in beats per minute (BPM).

Scale - A series of notes in a specific order, usually ascending or descending, that serves as the basis for melodies and harmonies.

Chord - A group of notes played together, typically consisting of three or more notes that create harmony.

Notation - A system of writing music using symbols to represent pitches, rhythms, and dynamics.

Key Signature - A set of sharp or flat symbols placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the key of a piece of music.

Interval - The distance between two pitches, measured by the number of steps between them in a scale.