WWII U3

04/22/15

• Dionne Quintuplets/Quintland

• The Swastika originally before Natzi’s was a symbol of good luck, good fortune and peace

• Dictator vs. Prime Minister (Dictator (Hitler) manipulates to become ruler)

• What makes a great leader: self control, good decision making skills, composed, committed, intelligent, good speaker, confident.

• Love bomb: Hitler completely mesmerised Germany, and gave people jobs (had hidden agenda)

Introduction to world war two~

World war two began on September 1st 1939. It started when Germany invaded Poland under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. Hitler had a broader plan to restore Germany’s power after the harsh consequences of the treaty of versailles. The invasion prompted Britain and France to respond on September 3rd 1939 they declared war on Germany marking the official start of WW2. The conflict quickly spread as other countries took sides, forming two main alliances. 

Canada’s entry into the war~ 

Canada though part of the British commonwealth made the significant decision to declare war independently after a parliamentary debate, prime minister Mackenzie King declared war on Germany on September 10th 1939 one week after britain and france started their war. This was a defining moment in Canadian history showing the country's growing autonomy from Britain and its commitment to the allied cause. Canada would go on to play an important role in many battles throughout the war. 

Countries involved in the war~

World war two was fought between two alliances: the allies (aka allied powers) and the central axis (aka axis powers). The allied countries were the UK (with the British commonwealth nations), France, the Soviet Union / Russia (USSR), China and later the United states. The United States joined the allies in December of 194. The central axis were primarily Germany, Italy and japan. As the war progressed many other nations joined one side or the other.  Canada's loyalty lay with the britain allies and it contributed soldiers supplies and resources throughout the war. 

Short-term and Long-term causes of the war~ 

The long-term causes of WW2 includes the treaty of Versailles which left Germany economically weakened and humiliated after WW1 this created the conditions for extremist ideologies like Nazism to rise. Other factors included Nationalism, Imperialism, Alliances and Militarism, the global economic depression in the 1930’s, the failure of the league of Nations and the policy of appeasement toward Hitler’s aggression in the Munich Agreement. The short-term cause was Germany’s invasion of Poland on September 1st 1939 which violated international agreements and triggered Britain and France to act. 

The Dionne quintuplets~ 

The Dionne quintuplets were born on May 28th 1934 they were born premature and all made it to adulthood. The names of the identical girls were Annette, Cecile, Emillie, Marie and finally Yvonne. After only 4 months their custody was signed away to the red cross. The order of birth was Yvonne Édouilda Marie Dionne (died 2001), Annette Lillianne Marie Allard (living), Cécile Marie Émilda Langlois (living), Émilie Marie Jeanne Dionne (died 1954), Marie Reine Alma Houle (died 1970).   

People of world war 2~

Hirohito: he had been emperor of japan since 1926 he was personally against the rise of militarism in japan however he did nothing about it.
Adolf hitler: he was the leader of the nazis through WW2 as dictator of germany he was responsible for the deaths of million jews and other prisoners in concentration camps. He supposedly killed himself in a bunker when russian armies reacher berlin
Mackenzie king: he was prime minister of canada during the war he successfully avoided a conscription crisis like the one of 1917-1918 although there were problems the recruitment of men for overseas duty did not tear the country apart.
Winston churchill: he was prime minister of Britain between 1940-1945 his speeches which were inspiring and courageous made him a hero amongst people throughout the world he spoke to the English people over the radio when the Germans were attacking.
Joseph stalin: he was the leader of the soviet union at first he was an ally of hitler he thought this would stop germany from attacking russia when hitler turned on russia Stalin joined with the allies to fight germany.
Franklin Rossevelt: he was the president of the united states from 1933-1945 before pearl harbour he supplied the allies with war materials he wanted the us to enter the war but he knew that many americans did not want to fight pearl harbor gave him an excuse to enter the war he died three weeks before the germans surrendered. 

Benito mussolini: he was dictator and leader of the fascist party of italy during the war he led italy into the war after france had been invaded by germany italy's armies met continued defeats in africa greece and in italy itself  mussolini was overthrown by members of his own party in 1943 he fled to northern italy he was captured and shot in 1945 by the italian underground. 

The rise of Hitler~ 

Six million Germans (about one worker in every three) was out of a job by then. Communism and fascism both seemed to promise a solution in the November 1932 elections the communists gained 100 seats in the Reichstag to the Nazis the (Nazis actual name was national socialist german workers) party 196 seats. 

The violence on the streets between hitlers storm troopers SS(blackshirts) and SA(brownshirts) communists and other opponents led many people to welcome a party with military discipline
Hitlers election meetings were attended by huge crowds.
Hitler promised jobs when he spoke to workers but an end to strikes to industrialists (when they paid for his election campaigns). Hitler was eventually invited to become chancellor (aka the German prime minister). Laws were passed allowing him to rule Germany as a dictator in march of 1933. Hitlers Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels used newspapers films and broadcasts to drum up popular support there were annual nuremberg rallies goose-stepping parages torchlight processions stirring music flags and banners shouts of “sieg heil” and the slogan “ein volk ein reich ein fuhrer” which meant one people one country one leader.

Hitlers policies towards…~ 

Jews- banned jews from being german citizens, marrying germans or voting in elections. During world war 2 six million jews from all over europe were taken into concentration camps to be put to death. 

Communist- Five communists were accused of starting the fire which destroyed the Reichstag (home of the German Parliament) soon after Hitler became Chancellor in 1933. This gave Hitler an excuse to ban the Communist Party and arrest thousands of its members and send them to concentration camps.

Trade unions- Abolished. Leaders arrested and sent to concentration camps. 

Other political parties- Persecuted and later banned. Germany became a One- Party State.

Churches- Persecuted. Many priests and nuns were sent to concentration camps. 

Education- Children taught to be good Nazis at an early age. Textbooks rewritten. Offending books burned. Hitler Youth founded - compulsory membership for all boys between 14 and 21. Similar organisations for girls and children between 8 and 14.

Fellow nazis- Ruthlessly eliminated if thought to be a threat -executed Ernst Rohm and other SA leaders(' the Night of the Long Knives - 30 June 1934). 

Fellow germans- Employed the Gestapo (secret police) to search out all opponents of his regime, using informers and torture to extract information. 

Steps to war 1936-1939~
Hitler was slowly breaking the treaties of Versailles in 1935 he reintroduced conscription (young people had to join the armed forces by law). People in Britain saw the treaty as unfair to the Germans and when hitler marched troops into the Rhineland they did not object because it was his own country. By 1938 it was clear that hitlers germany was becoming a big threat to peace in europe. living space for the German people. This was his excuse for invading other countries. In particular he wanted the boundaries of Germany to expand to include all those territories where the majority of the people were Germans or German- speaking. This is why he forced Austria to agree to the Anschluss (union of the 'wo German- speaking countries). He would later point to a plebiscite of the Austrian people to justify his actions, since 399 people in every 400 were said to have voted for Anschluss in April 1938. It reached its climax with the Munich Peace Agreement on 29 September 1938.
Little recap-
March 1936 Hitler marches troops in the Rhineland- forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. Britain and France do nothing to stop him. March 1938 Hitler forces Austria to join Germany In a union of the two countries( Anschluss)- forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. German troops enter Austria. Britain and France do nothing to stop him. October 1938 Hitler threatens to Invade the German- speaking borderlands of Czechoslovakia(the Sudetenland)- a country formed by the Paris Peace Treaties in 1919. In September Britain and France prepare for war but eventually agree to let Germany have the Sudetenland in return for a promise of peace (The Munich Peace Agreement of September, 1938). March 1939. Hitler annexes( takes) Bohemia -Moravia In Czechoslovakia- contrary to his promises at Munich. He also annexes Memel (part of Lithuania)- a German-speaking region which Germany lost at the Treaty of Versailles. At long last Britain and France realise no country in Europe is safe from Hitler's demands. September 1939 Hitler invades Poland, having signed a pact with Russia not to attack one another. Britain and France declare war on Germany .. The USSR Invades Poland from the east and Germany and Russia divide Poland between them. The Second World War has begun. 

Concentration camps~ 

Concentration camps were used to kill people off when they didn't meet the proper standards of being blond with blue eyes. In concentration camps to keep track of everyone they counted them with tattoos and would tattoo their number on them. 

Battles

World War II – Key Early Events (1939–1942)

1. The Phoney War (Sept 1939 – April 1940)

• After Poland fell in Sept 1939, Europe was mostly quiet.
  
  

• Allies: Britain, France, Commonwealth (incl. Canada).
  
  

• Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan.
  
  

• Both sides rearmed after the Depression weakened military strength.
  
  

• Canada declared war: Sept 10, 1939.
  
  

• Phoney War (or “Sitzkrieg”): A period of little military action until April 1940.
  
  

• Ended when Germany invaded Norway & Denmark (Operation Weserübung).
  
  

2. Blitzkrieg & Battle of France (May – June 1940)

• Germany used “Blitzkrieg” tactics: fast attacks with planes, tanks, and troops.
  
  

• Invaded Holland, Belgium, and France through weakly defended areas.
  
  

• Maginot Line: France’s eastern defense line, bypassed by Germans through Belgium.
  
  

Dunkirk Evacuation (May–June 1940)

• 400,000 Allied troops trapped at Dunkirk.
  
  

• Operation Dynamo: Over 350,000 rescued by military & civilian boats.
  
  

  • Included 198,000 British, 140,000 French/Belgians.
    
    

  • Canadian Robert Timbrell saved 900 lives.
    
    

  • Called the “Miracle of Dunkirk.”
    
    

• France fell soon after:
  
  

  • Paris captured: June 14, 1940.
    
    

  • France surrendered: June 22, 1940.
    
    

  • Armistice signed in same railcar as Germany’s WWI defeat.
    
    

3. Battle of Britain (July – Oct 1940)

• Operation Sea Lion: Germany’s plan to invade Britain.
  
  

• British defenses:
  
  

  • Mines, oil slicks, radar, RAF preparation.
    
    

• Luftwaffe attacks began in Aug 1940:
  
  

  • First phase: airfields, radar, and shipping routes.
    
    

  • Second phase: “The Blitz” – bombed cities, especially London, for 57 nights.
    
    

• Outcome: Britain maintained air superiority.
  
  

  • Luftwaffe losses: 2,700 pilots, 1,880 aircraft.
    
    

  • RAF losses: 500 killed, 1,260 aircraft.
    
    

• Canada’s role:
  
  

  • Sent troops & equipment.
    
    

  • 80+ Canadian pilots flew with RAF, shot down 100+ German planes.
    
    

4. Invasion of USSR – Operation Barbarossa (June – Dec 1941)

• Germany broke Non-Aggression Pact, invaded USSR on June 22, 1941.
  
  

• Aimed to capture Moscow by Christmas.
  
  

• Obstacles:
  
  

  • Harsh Russian winter (-50°C).
    
    

  • Strong Soviet resistance; Stalin ordered troops to fight to the death.
    
    

• Hitler now faced a war on two fronts: West (Allies) and East (USSR).
  
  

5. Pearl Harbor (Dec 7, 1941)

• Japan attacked without warning or declaration of war.
  
  

• Led by Admiral Yamamoto.
  
  

• First wave: 183 aircraft hit airfields (07:51 AM).
  
  

• Second wave: 170 torpedo bombers hit ships.
  
  

• USS Arizona destroyed (1,104 dead).
  
  

• Total U.S. casualties: 2,403 killed (including 68 civilians), 1,178 wounded.
  
  

• 21 ships damaged, 9 sunk.
  
  

• Japanese losses: 29 aircraft.
  
  

• Result: U.S. entered WWII.
  
  

6. Battle of Hong Kong (Dec 8–25, 1941)

• Japan attacked British colony one day after Pearl Harbor.
  
  

• 2,000 Canadian troops stationed there.
  
  

• Battle lasted 17 days; heavy hand-to-hand fighting.
  
  

• Casualties:
  
  

  • 300 Canadians killed, 493 wounded.
    
    

  • 257 died later in POW camps (starvation, torture).
    
    

• Significance: Demonstrated Canadian bravery and sacrifice.
  
  

7. Dieppe Raid (France – Aug 19, 1942)

• Operation Jubilee: 6,000+ troops (mostly Canadians) attacked Dieppe.
  
  

• Poorly planned; Germans had high ground and were well-prepared.
  
  

• Disaster:
  
  

  • Assault began at 5:00 AM; retreat called by 10:50 AM.
    
    

  • Allied losses: over 4,000 (mostly Canadian); ~3,000 Canadians killed, wounded, or captured.
    
    

  • German losses: only 600.
    
    

• Legacy: Seen as a tragic failure and military blunder. Survivors described it as “hell.”
  
  

• Phoney War - Quiet time for many reasons (after hitler attacked hitler), there are many reasons for this period

• Even though Allies declared war, they didn’t want it to happen

• KNOW “Blitzkrieg” (reason there was no trench warfare)

• In WW1 soldiers fought in trenches, and it’s the last thing soldiers wanted for WW1

• First three years: Central Axis, 2+ years: Allies (6 years in total)

• Lots of imperialism

• KNOW Maginot Lane (fortified area), Germany goes around it

• Phoney war ends because with of Norway and Denmark (weak military), Hitler attacked them because they are across from Britain

• Hitler called Britain the (Aryan’s cousin), because they are white, similar history

• Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Poland…

• Biggest Mistake: When Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and ??took all of poland and tried to take Soviet Union

• KNOW Operation Weserübung

• The miracle of Dunkirk(northern France): 3500/4000 Jews escaped the Germans by boats/fisherman, Hitler lets Jews go for 3 days because (Hitler is still strategically planning, Aryan race/cousins)

• France surrenders (why is it not part of Nazi Germany??)

• True, Germany invades Italy

• France: maginot lines, Miracle of Dunkirk, Surenderes north but not south

• KNOW Charles Degal(eventually leader of France)

• Best way to attack France was air force

• Paratrooper: jump out of planes 

• British people say Winston Churchill was best leader of England, because handled Germany well by staying calm

• Germans got ahead in the start of the war because on the Blitzkrieg

• South France becomes... Public regime

• After France, Germany goes after Britain

• (Codename: Operation Sealion)

• German air forces attack the big cities, They hit Britain’s navy supplies because its their strongest force

• True, Britain does not surrender to Germany

• Disadvantage to the German Air Force (always exposed, run out of fuel(so they have to go back and forth))

• KNOW codenames for each battle

• Ater Britain, Germany goes after Russia (backstabs Stalin)

• KNOW free France forces (go against nazi invasion)

• Canadians participate in the battle of France

• KNOW Canada has their own air force (RCAF)

• Sniper is someone who is isolated (well strained/alone)

• Codename for invasion of USSR (Operation Barbosa)

• Millions of German soldiers participating in the invasion of USSR (almost as much as all of USSR)

• Reasons for invasion of USSR  (resources, lots of land, Hitler wants to be unique)

• Stalin was starstruck from Hitler’s invasion on USSR

• STALIN KILLED MORE PEOPLE THAN HITLER (his own people)

• KNOW battle of Stalingrad (changed name multiple timed)

• The Blitz=The Blitzkrieg

• French were enslaved, prisoned if suspicious, free labor

• KNOW house-to-house fighting (breaking through villages)

• RECAP: July-November 1914, Codename: Operation Sealion, Attack Radars…, they  hurt/punish Britain by bonding everywhere, Churchill was calm

• Non-aggression pact was broken between Germany and USSR

• Codename: Operation Barberosa

• Break into three sections to get to Moscow

• German disadvantage was the weather

• Spite, Ego,...

• Nazi biggest regret: invasion of USSR

• PEARL HARBOR…

• Japan invades pearl harbor

• Pearl harbor is in U.S., Hawaii (Pacific Ocean)

• Japan planes went in, but Hawaii people thought it was U.S. planes so they let them come in

• Attack takes place of December 7th, 1941 (U.S. infamous day)

• Most attacks were usually in the morning

• 2300 casualties, 1000? Were in the ship

• Holodomor: starvation of the Ukraine people during great depression ((Stalin starved them)(took all grains and stopped exports, put in new laws)

• V-E Day: Victory in Europe

• V-J: Victory in Japan

• DIEPPE

• Codename: Jubilee

• Of 60,000 people, 30,000 Canadians got lost

• Germany always saving Italy

• Campaign started in Sicily, and moving north (Rome)

• Omaha was the worst beach

• 5 Beaches (1 canadian(Juno))

• New things: Jeeps and Helicopters

• Camp X: set up in remote areas, spy training camp for the Allies

• Main Enemies: U.S., and USSR

• Water-boarding: Trying to get information out of people by torturing them

• U-Boats: Started travelling in pacts (wolf packs), then allies used aircrafts to defend; U-boats started using for ventilation

• KNOW Arizona Memorial

• Beach Comber: Pigeon

• Nazis used German Shepards, and Dobermans 

• Mules/ Horses were used to carry loads

• Veterans can adopt animals (dogs)  in battle that were by their side

• Dogs, Mules, Horses, Pigeons, Elephants, Camels

• “Buzz” Beurling: Canadian Ace

• Propaganda:  Posters, Censorship(letters that were sent and received from soldiers)… to gain supporters. War Posters: were a popular way to spread propaganda as they got the message across in a glance. 

• Normandy gives tulips to Canada (8000 - 22,000?) every year

• Soviet Union/Allies drives Nazis out of Germany

• The Battle of the Bulge: last big offensive German Campaign

• MV Wilhelm Gustloff: Largest loss of life on a ship

• KNOW Gustav Weler

• Cionide: Suicide pill that Nazis used

• Pervitin: Nazis used this pill to become emotionless and alert, gives them adrenaline rush (soldiers on the front lines)

• LSD was tested on Americans, British, and Soviets

• Ways Government made money: Income Taxes, Victory Bonds, Donations (Canadian Patriotic Funds)

• Some jobs that women took over: Clerical work, communications, cryptologist, operating machinery

• CWAC (21,600 members), RCAF-WD (17,400 members), WRENS

• Japanese and Nazis are depicted as the enemies in Canada (using propaganda)

• Things like Recycling was a really big deal during the war

• Conscription: differently from WW1, in WW2…

• KNOW War measures act

• Canadians (English) voted yes when asked if they wanted conscription if/when necessary

• In late November 1944 conscription was brought back

• Japanese were forced into internment camps where they faced poor living conditions, men, women and kids were separate, and men were put to work. Their money and things were taken by the government.

1. Causes of WWII: (already taken up with Quiz – very little will be on test)

Review some of this:

1) When did WWII started and ended?

2) Which main countries were part of the Allies and the Central Axis?

3) The six main causes of WWII were: Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, League of Nations, The Great Depression, Munich Agreement

4) The leaders of the main countries studied were: ex: Hitler, Stalin, Hirohito, etc.. and political parties: Nazism, Fascism, and Communism

5) Name some important dates/countries invaded by the Central Axis prior to WWII.

2. Battles of WWII:

Know some important dates and significant events of battles studied. As well, know the CODE-NAMES for

these invasions (where applicable), for example:

1) Which countries were immediately invaded by the Nazis after the Phoney war and why was it called the

‘phoney war’?

2) What was the Maginot Line? How did the German tactics mislead the French here?

3) What happened in the Miracle of Dunkirk?

5) Why was the Battle of Britain was an: aerial combat? Why did Hitler retreat from this battle?

6) Why is Dieppe, France considered the worse battle for Canadians in WWII?

7) Who broke the Non-Aggression Pact?

8) What was the code-name for the battle in USSR?

9) Vassilli Zaitsev was a sniper for which country and which battle is he known for?

10) Why did USA enter WWII on Dec. 7 th , 1941?

11) Describe the events in Hong Kong. What happens on December 26 th , 1941? And what happens to

Canadians there?

12) How did Canadians (along with British and Americans) take part in the campaign in Italy?

What month/year did Canadians play a role in the Italian Campaign. Which area did they first invade? Afterwards,

the Canadians work hard moving into the mainland and working their way north until they reach the capital of Italy,

which is? What city are Canadians known for in battling it out with the Germans in Italy in December of 1943?

13) Why were there battles in Northern Africa?

14) Provide some examples of weapons of war during WWII.

15) Were there resistance movements? Explain.

16) The “D” in D-Day is known as?

17) The code-name for this huge invasion is?

18) How many beaches did the Allies invade on this day? The code-name for the Canadian one was?

19) Why is D-Day a significant event in 1944? How did the Allies trick the Nazi during this invasion?

Other areas that we studied, review these terms. Define them in your notebooks:

a) Blitzkrieg

b) Luftwaffe (air force)

c) Tanks (Panzers & Tigers)

d) Army (Wehrmacht)

e) Wolf-Packs (U-Boats)

f) RAF (Spitfires & Hurricanes)

g) Gestapo & SS (Schutzstaffel)

h) Kamikaze

Lozada

CHC2D1

The Holocaust: Terms that relate to genocides in WWII, review these terms. Define them in your notebooks:

a) Anti-Semitism

b) Scapegoats

c) Aryan Race

d) Propaganda

e) Holocaust (Jews) - Non-Jews targeted as well

f) Chronology of laws and actions directed against Jews in Nazi Germany 1933-1945. These are the Nuremberg Laws. Review

examples: #s 1) 2) 3) taken up in class.

g) The Final Solution

h) SS St. Louis

i) Anne Frank

j) Auschwitz (Poland)

3. The War At Home:

1) Who was Mackenzie King?

2) What was the War Measures Act?

3) What were Victory Bonds and why did income taxes increase during WWII?

4) How did the BCATP contribute to the Allies with battles in the air?

5) What was the Plebiscite of 1942? What did “Limited Overseas Conscription” with the National Resources Mobilization Act

(NRMA) mean for Canadian men?

6) Who were the ‘Zombies’?

7) Were there battles in the Atlantic with convoys?

8) Define the: RCAF & RCN.

9) What was Camp X? And who were Cryptologists?

10) How did women contribute to WWII? At home and overseas? Why were day cares free?

11) Women in the armed forces: WAC/ WRCN’S / CWAAF define these.

12) Did rationing and Victory gardens take place?

13) Who was Gerald Bell?

14) The Japanese Internment (David Suzuki) How did Canadian Japanese get effected by this? Did the government

ever apologize to all these 22,000 people?

4. The End of WWII: Review these notes.

a) Mussolini’s death

b) Hitler’s Death (German Forces surrender in Italy) (German Forces surrender in parts of Europe and Germany

(Berlin)

c) Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day May 8 th 1945)

d) Liberation of concentration camps

e) War Crimes (Acts against humanity - Nuremberg Trails)

f) Nazi hunters

g) Allies demanding that Japan surrender

h) The Manhattan Project - “Little Boy” (Hiroshima) and “Fat Man” (Nagasaki)

Japan surrenders Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day August 15 th , 1945 – Sept. 2 nd , 1945) The Instrument of Surrender

i) The establishment of the UN

j) The State of Israel (1948)