• Job production is the process of production where products are made individually 

• Examples : Made to measure suit/ The Emirates Stadium. 

• Batch production is the process of production where one type of product is made and then production is switched to make a different product 

• Examples: Bakery/ car manufacturing plant 

• Flow production is production of one product that takes place continuously using a production or assembly line 

• Examples: Coca-Cola/ Walkers Crisps. 

job production

Advantages 

• Usually high quality 

• Producer meets customer needs 

• Greater job satisfaction 

Disadvantages 

• Cost is higher 

• Labour intensive

• Requires investment in skills and training 

batch production

• Advantages 

• Can still address specific customer needs

• Use of specialist machinery & skills can increase productivity 

• Disadvantages 

• Time lost switching batches

• Potentially de-motivating for  staff

• Specialist machinery expensive in short term 

flow production

• large amounts made

• Very low unit cost

• Improvements in technology mean not all the products need to be the same 

• Disadvantages 

• High setup cost

• Large stock required

• Quality might be less

• Automation

Machines, controlled by a computer, are used in the production process. This is usually observed by workers. 

• Computers

Used to help automate production and complete service based tasks. Such as online banking. 

• Robotics

An extension of automation where a computer is programmed to control a machine to do various tasks 

technology in production advantages
Costs reduced- as number of workers is reduced

Production can be more flexible  

Repetitive or dangerous jobs can be done by machines

Machine is never absent and can work 24/7

technology in production disadvantages

• Machines can break down 

• Customers sometimes dislike technology 

• Buying, installing and maintaining can be expensive

• Making staff redundant incurs a cost