WHII Study Guide Industrial Revolution

Name:  Kaylee Hui

Industrial Revolution

1.  Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? England

2.  What two places did it spread to? Western Europe and the U.S.

3. ___Prior__ to the Industrialization   ->  After_ Industrialization

4. Define Industrialization: Moving away from human and animal powered production of goods to instead using machines

5. Define Enclosure Movement: Wealthy landowners buying up land from poor farmers and closing it off using fences

6. Where did poor unemployed framers move due to the enclosure movement? The cities

7. Increased food production meant less _____farmers___ were needed on farms.

8. Unemployed famers were a ___cheap__ source of labor in cities.

9.  England had abundant_ natural resources such as rivers, coal and iron.

10 a. Who invented the Spinning Jenny? James Hargreaves

      b. The Spinning Jenny made spinning wool into yarn__ faster then could be make with animal or human power.

11. Who invented the Steam Engine? James Watt

12. The new factory system replaced the old ___cotton__ industry.

13. What did workers use in factories to produce large amounts of goods? machines

14. Where did much of England’s cotton come from? The American South

15. Who invented the Cotton Gin? Eli Whitney

16. What was the effect of the Cotton Gin on slavery in the US?  It increased the demand of cotton -> increasing the need for slaves

17. What two forms of transportation used the steam engine? Steamboats and trains

18.  What was the named of the process that made cheap and strong steel?  Bessemer Process

19. Who invented the smallpox vaccine? Edward Jenner

20. Who discovered bacteria? Louis Pasteur

21. What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on city population? It increased

22. What happened to standard of living for many in the Industrial Revolution? It increased for most people but not all

23. What happened to travel times during the Industrial Revolution? It improved and became much shorter

24. As child labor ended at the conclusion of the Industrial Revolution what did children do instead?  Go to school

25. What class of people saw their numbers increase during the Industrial Revolution? Middle class

26. What type of pollution increased during the Industrial Revolution? Air Pollution

27. How did factory workers feel at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution? Happy to have jobs

28.  Think of the game we played in class, what was the name of the growth of cities that occurred during this time? Urbanization

Industrial Revolution: Society

29. What were agricultural (pre-Industrial Revolution) economies based on? Family units

30. The Industrial Revolution placed new demands on the ___labor___ of men, women, and children.

31. Workers organized ___Labor unions__  to fight for improved working conditions and workers’ rights.

32. Family-based cottage industries displaced by the factories_.

33. List three things workers faced working in the factories and mines of the IR? Long hours, heat, poor wages

34. Many workers were forced to work in company towns_______ where the company owned everything and the workers were perpetually in debt.

35. How much did children earn on average a day for working? 40 cents to a dollar

36.  What happened to slavery in the 1800s in most industrialized nations? It was outlawed

37. What legally ended slavery in the US?  The 13^th Amendment

38. What expanded with the reform of child labor at the end of the IR? Public education

39. Define suffrage: The right to vote

40. What did women have to do to gain the right to vote? Heavily lobby and protest

41. Who is this champion of women and worker’s rights?  Susan B Anthony                   

42. Which amendment made woman suffrage legal in the US in 1920?    The 19^th Amendment  

42. What did labor unions demand?  (Two specific things…) Increased wages and improved working conditions

43. How did Gov’t and business often respond to strikers? Violently

44. What did unions lobby for? The improved life of workers especially women and children

43. What is an example of the violence that often broke out between workers and government? The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Industrial Revolution: Economic Systems

44. What economic system is based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit? Capitalism

45. Who is the “father” of capitalism? Adam Smith

46. What book did the “father” of capitalism write? The Wealth of the Nations

47. This book argues that Capitalist countries are wealthier than those who are not.

47. What did it say business should do to gain each costumer’s money? compete

48. By during the answer to #47 businesses will be able to provide better goods and services_ that are better and less ___expensive__ than their competition. 

49. What does Laissez-Faire mean? Hands off

50. Under the economics of capitalism the government (does or does not) interfere in the economy The government does not interfere.

51. Who determines price in capitalism? The consumers

52. Capitalism had the positive effect that Competition led to…progress

53. What fueled the IR? Capitalism

54. Some saw an increase in…Wealth

55.  A negative of capitalism is that many poor workers were ___dissatisfied___ with their working conditions, and the unequal distribution of wealth.

56. Define Socialism: An economic system where the production of goods and services is the shared responsibility of people for the benefit of all of society not just the rich

57. Who was an Irish politician, suffragist and socialist who fought for Irish Independence.  The first women elected to UK’s House of Commons (Parliament) and first female cabinet member in Europe? Countess Markievicz

56. In socialism the government regulates the economy, it does not control it entirely.

57. In socialism the gov’t provides and runs social programs_ (ex. Social Security) to ___protect__ and provide__ for citizens. 

58. Today socialism is a _____mixed___ economic system.  The government regulates things but also allows private ownership and a competitive marketplace.

59. Define Communism: Economic system where private property does not exist and everything is controlled by the government. Goods and services are shared and owned equally.

60. Who are the “fathers” of Communism? Marx and Engels

61. What two books are associated with Communism that they wrote? Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto

62. Communism was a reaction to the injustices of the IR and Capitalism.   Specific injustices relate to wealth imbalance between rich and poor.

63. IR intensified class struggles (rich vs poor).

64. In communist theory what were the “have-nots” called?  proletariat

65. What were workers told they needed to do to redistribute (=share) wealth? Unite and overthrow the rich

66. Under communism what should cease to exist? Rich and poor

67.  What gov’t shows this not to be true?  USSR