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Topic 16: Respiration
- Electron acceptors: molecules that combine with electrons liberated during metabolic processes
- can be reduced when they gain electrons
- electrons are formed from the ionization of a hydrogen atom
- When an electron acceptor picks up an electron, it becomes negatively charged and combines with the positively charged hydrogen ion
- reduction: a gain of electrons or hydrogen atoms
- In fermentative metabolism, organic molecules act as electron acceptors
- In anaerobic respiration (or oxidative metabolism), inorganic molecules act as electron acceptors
- some bacteria reduce nitrates to nitrites
- some reduce further to nitrous oxide or to nitrogen gas
- nitrate broth is used to determine a bacterium’s ability to reduce nitrates
- nitrates are detected by the addition of dimethyl-alpha-napthlamine and sulfanilic acid to nitrate broth
- red color: + results indicating nitrite is present
- negative test is further checked by addition of zinc
- red color: nitrate is reduced to nitrite by zinc (not bacterium)
- if either of those not present, the nitrogen has been reduced to nitrous oxide or nitrogen gas
- In aerobic respiration, O2 is the final electron acceptor
- In aerobic bacteria, cytochromes carry electrons to O2
- There are four general classes of bacterial cytochromes
- Oxidase test is used to determine the presence of cytochrome c
- Hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is lethal to the cell
- enzyme catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen - catalase test
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Explore Top NotesNoteStudied by 8 peopleNoteStudied by 15 peopleNoteStudied by 11 peopleNoteStudied by 1197 peopleNoteStudied by 101 peopleNoteStudied by 100 people
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
NoteStudied by 8 people3.8: economic development
NoteStudied by 15 peopleMakroekonomia
NoteStudied by 11 peopleHow to Use the Squeeze Theorem (and when!)
NoteStudied by 1197 peopleChapter 15: The Bureaucracy
NoteStudied by 101 peopleIndustrial Revolution
NoteStudied by 100 people