LU4 Other Vectors SCAQ Practice

General Insect Vectors

1. Which of the following is NOT an insect vector?

   • a) Sand fly

   • b) Tsetse fly

   • c) Black fly

   • d) House fly

2. What is the primary role of insect vectors in disease transmission?

   • a) Acting as a reservoir for the pathogen

   • b) Directly causing disease through their saliva

   • c) Carrying and transmitting pathogens between hosts

   • d) Producing toxins that affect humans

3. Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted by sand flies?

   • a) Leishmaniasis

   • b) Bartonellosis

   • c) Onchocerciasis

   • d) Sandfly fever

Sand Flies (Family Psychodidae)

4. What is the main habitat of sand flies?

   • a) Fast-flowing rivers

   • b) Marshes and swamps

   • c) Semi-arid and savannah regions

   • d) Deep forest canopies

5. Which genus of sand flies is found in the Old World?

   • a) Lutzomyia

   • b) Phlebotomus

   • c) Simulium

   • d) Glossina

6. What is the primary feeding behavior of female sand flies?

   • a) They only feed on plant juices

   • b) They feed on blood from vertebrates

   • c) They feed exclusively on rodents

   • d) They do not require a blood meal for egg-laying

7. Sand flies are weak fliers. How far can they typically disperse?

   • a) 10 meters

   • b) 100 meters

   • c) 1 kilometer

   • d) 10 kilometers

Diseases Transmitted by Sand Flies

8. What type of pathogen causes leishmaniasis?

   • a) Virus

   • b) Bacteria

   • c) Protozoan

   • d) Nematode

9. Which species is responsible for visceral leishmaniasis?

   • a) Leishmania tropica

   • b) Leishmania major

   • c) Leishmania donovani

   • d) Leishmania braziliensis

10. What is the primary reservoir host for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

• a) Humans

• b) Rodents

• c) Cattle

• d) Mosquitoes

11. Which disease, transmitted by sand flies, is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis?

• a) Sandfly fever

• b) Bartonellosis

• c) Chagas disease

• d) Onchocerciasis

Tsetse Flies (Family Glossinidae)

12. Which genus of flies is responsible for transmitting African sleeping sickness?

• a) Simulium

• b) Chrysops

• c) Glossina

• d) Lutzomyia

13. Where are tsetse flies primarily found?

• a) Southeast Asia

• b) Sub-Saharan Africa

• c) South America

• d) Central Europe

14. Which disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies?

• a) Leishmaniasis

• b) Sleeping sickness

• c) Malaria

• d) Dengue

15. What is a key characteristic of tsetse flies?

• a) They have short, weak mouthparts

• b) They only feed at night

• c) They rest with their wings folded like scissors

• d) They breed in fast-flowing water

16. Which of the following is NOT a method used for tsetse fly control?

• a) Spraying insecticides

• b) Releasing sterile male flies

• c) Using insecticide-treated cattle

• d) Vaccination of humans

Black Flies (Family Simuliidae)

17. What disease is primarily transmitted by black flies?

• a) Leishmaniasis

• b) Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)

• c) Malaria

• d) Dengue

18. Which pathogen causes River Blindness?

• a) Trypanosoma

• b) Leishmania

• c) Onchocerca volvulus

• d) Bartonella

19. Where do black flies typically breed?

• a) Stagnant ponds

• b) Fast-flowing rivers and streams

• c) Marshes and swamps

• d) Underground burrows

20. What is a common symptom of Onchocerciasis?

• a) Jaundice

• b) Progressive blindness

• c) Skin ulcers

• d) Enlarged spleen

21. What is the primary method used to control black flies?

• a) Spraying insecticide in fast-flowing rivers

• b) Using bed nets

• c) Draining swampy areas

• d) Removing reservoir hosts

Horse Flies (Family Tabanidae)

22. What is the primary vector of Loa loa filariasis?

• a) Glossina

• b) Chrysops

• c) Simulium

• d) Lutzomyia

23. What is the primary characteristic of horse flies?

• a) They are small and weak fliers

• b) They have iridescent eyes and strong biting mouthparts

• c) They only feed on plant nectar

• d) They breed in saltwater marshes

24. Loa loa microfilariae exhibit which type of periodicity?

• a) Nocturnal

• b) Diurnal

• c) Seasonal

• d) Continuous

Control and Prevention of Insect Vectors

25. Which control method is effective against sand flies?

• a) Eliminating stagnant water

• b) Spraying insecticide in rivers

• c) Using bed nets impregnated with pyrethroids

• d) Releasing genetically modified mosquitoes

26. What is a common challenge in controlling tsetse flies?

• a) Their resistance to insecticides

• b) Their ability to reproduce rapidly

• c) Their ability to migrate long distances

• d) Their preference for urban environments

27. What is the main reason insect vectors are difficult to control?

• a) Their rapid reproduction

• b) Their ability to develop resistance to control measures

• c) Their long lifespan

• d) Their preference for cold climates

28. What is the best approach to controlling vector-borne diseases?

• a) Using only insecticides

• b) Implementing integrated vector management strategies

• c) Relocating affected populations

• d) Eradicating all insect species

Answer Key

1 d 2. c 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. b

11 b 12. c 13. b 14. b 15. c 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. b

21 a 22. b 23. b 24. b 25. c 26. c 27. b 28. b