Focuses on the interaction between housing and the environment, accessibility, and management.
Use of Natural Resources:
Land must be cleared for building houses, leading to environmental degradation.
Approximately 18.7 million acres of forests are lost annually due to urban expansion.
Increased demand for resources such as food, water, and materials:
Resources extracted from the environment or mined (e.g., wood for furniture, natural gas for electricity).
Water sources for large cities come from nearby and distant areas, requiring environmental management.
Environmental Pollution:
Housing developments can lead to various types of pollution:
Land Pollution:
Result of garbage, industrial waste, mining debris, and improper waste disposal.
Long-term damage affects future land usability for housing.
Waste management practices include building landfills and incinerating waste to minimize land use.
Provision of Basic Needs:
City housing offers shelter, a fundamental human necessity.
Access to sanitation, which reduces disease outbreaks and improves health.
Availability of water and electricity contributes to a better quality of life.
Presence of Amenities:
Amenities improve the ease of daily life:
Grocery stores, eateries, markets provide convenient access to food and services.
Proximity to medical services like clinics and hospitals enhance health access.
Presence of Communities:
Housing that meets social needs facilitates community building:
Community centers and playgrounds promote interaction and companionship among residents.
Fosters a sense of belonging and local spirit, termed “The Kampung Spirit.”
Integrated Land Use Planning:
Must involve various stakeholders (industries, planning authorities, businesses) for effective management.
Need to balance economic, social, and environmental demands and ensure coordination among different groups.
Example: Tengah District as a model for sustainable development.
Provision of Public Housing:
Inclusivity: Public housing in Singapore aims to accommodate diverse family sizes and age groups.
Incorporation of environmentally friendly technologies in construction:
Solar panels, water-efficient fittings, green roofs/walls to promote sustainability.
While initial installation is costly, it may result in long-term savings.
Encouragement of recycling and responsible waste management practices among residents.
Sustainable Development of Housing
Use of Natural Resources:
Environmental Pollution:
Provision of Basic Needs:
Presence of Amenities:
Presence of Communities:
Integrated Land Use Planning:
Provision of Public Housing: