Liver 

Liver Functions

• detoxification
• Metabolism
• Immune system
• protein synthesis
  • blood clotting factor
• production of bile
  • Gi anti-microbial
• Blood sugar balance
  • storage of glycogen
• Storage of Micronutrients
• production cholesterol
• conjugation: hepatocytes combine bilirubin( produces by red blood cells) with glucuronic acid to make it water soluble
  • excretes in the intestine → poop + urine and gives it the color

Symptoms of Chronic Liver Failure

• Encephalopathy → toxification of blood→ body
• build filled belly → ascites
  • increased pressure in the portal vein cause fluid to leak from blood vessels into the peritoneal cavity and cause edema → fluid-filled belly
  • treatment:
    • build a bypass
    • paracentesis (removal of the fluid from the abdomen with a needle)
    • liver transplant
• increased bleeding
  • low platelets and clotting factor
• eyes turn yellow → jaundice → icterus
  • hemoglobin breakdown → bilirubin
  • first in the eyes because its the whitest and very fatty
  • classification of different types of jaundice
• portal hypertension
  • increased blood flow due to resistance (fibrosis)
• variceal bleeding
  • due to portal hypertension blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach become enlarged and weakened ( looking like worms) → they can explode
  • shunting
• red hand palms
• spider (rashes)
• edema
• bilateral enlargement of breast tissue
• bleeding
  • low amounts of platelets because they are stored in liver
  • pressure on the venus system
  • liver makes clotting factor → less clotting factors in bloody
  • too many blood cells
  • stones in are in duct
    * turn yellow
    * the stool is less yellow
• Gynecomastia: bilateral enlargement if the male breast tissue
  • in liver failure
  • the liver fails to metabolize estrogen, this hormonal imbalance causes the breast development
• Jaundice
  • Three types:
• 
• Why is jaundice more common in babies?
  • they have higher red blood cells than adults
  • the life span of erythrocytes is shorter( different hemoglobin)
  • the liver is not as good at conjugation yet
  • bowel movements are slower in babies than in adults
  • Treatment:
  • Phototherapy: UV lights make bilirubin water soluble

@@Hepatitis@@

• most common cause of hepatitis and progression?
  • Viral infection → becoming chronic
  • hepatitis a+b+c+d +e
  • 

Hepatitis Virus

• symptoms for liver infection?
  • → same as liver failure symptoms

Characteristics:

==Target Areas for Antiviral Medication==

• Inhibit the virus from invading the host by not letting the virus produce proteins that help them evade the immune system
• prevent viral assembly of proteins by inhibiting viral enzymes involved in the process of replication
• genome replication
• polyprotein processing
• attachment to the cells
• inhibition in the assembly process of virus
• inhibition of molecular structure