Liver
- detoxification
- Metabolism
- Immune system
- protein synthesis
* blood clotting factor - production of bile
* Gi anti-microbial - Blood sugar balance
* storage of glycogen - Storage of Micronutrients
- production cholesterol
- hepatocytes combine bilirubin( produces by red blood cells) with glucuronic acid to make it water soluble
* excretes in the intestine → poop + urine and gives it the color
- Encephalopathy → toxification of blood→ body
- build filled belly → ascites
* increased pressure in the portal vein cause fluid to leak from blood vessels into the peritoneal cavity and cause edema → fluid-filled belly
* treatment:
* build a bypass
* paracentesis (removal of the fluid from the abdomen with a needle)
* liver transplant - increased bleeding
* low platelets and clotting factor - eyes turn yellow → jaundice → icterus
* hemoglobin breakdown → bilirubin
* first in the eyes because its the whitest and very fatty
* classification of different types of jaundice - portal hypertension
* increased blood flow due to resistance (fibrosis) - variceal bleeding
* due to portal hypertension blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach become enlarged and weakened ( looking like worms) → they can explode
* shunting - red hand palms
- spider (rashes)
- edema
- bilateral enlargement of breast tissue
- bleeding
* low amounts of platelets because they are stored in liver
* pressure on the venus system
* liver makes clotting factor → less clotting factors in bloody
* too many blood cells
* stones in are in duct
* turn yellow
* the stool is less yellow - Gynecomastia: bilateral enlargement if the male breast tissue
* in liver failure
* the liver fails to metabolize estrogen, this hormonal imbalance causes the breast development - Jaundice
* Three types: 
- Why is jaundice more common in babies?
* they have higher red blood cells than adults
* the life span of erythrocytes is shorter( different hemoglobin)
* the liver is not as good at conjugation yet
* bowel movements are slower in babies than in adults
* Treatment:
* Phototherapy: UV lights make bilirubin water soluble
@@Hepatitis@@
- most common cause of hepatitis and progression?
* Viral infection → becoming chronic
* hepatitis a+b+c+d +e
*
Hepatitis Virus
- symptoms for liver infection?
* → same as liver failure symptoms
Characteristics:
| Hepatitis Virus | %%Type of Virus%% | %%Genetic Material%% | %%Transmission%% | %%Treatment%% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{Hepatitis A{{ | HAV | Single-stranded RNA | playground Fecal-oral route, contaminated food or water | No specific treatment, usually resolves on its own“least lethal” |
| {{Hepatitis B{{ | HBV | Double-stranded DNA | Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other bodily fluids | Antiviral medications, immune modulators, and/or liver transplant |
| {{Hepatitis C{{ | HCV | Single-stranded RNA | Blood-to-blood contact | Antiviral medications, immune modulators, and/or liver transplant |
| {{Hepatitis D{{ | HDV | Single-stranded RNA | Blood-to-blood contact, can only infect individuals who are already infected with HBV | Antiviral medications and/or liver transplant |
| {{Hepatitis E{{ | HEV | Single-stranded RNA | Playground Fecal-oral route, contaminated food or water | No specific treatment, usually resolves on its own |
==Target Areas for Antiviral Medication==
- Inhibit the virus from invading the host by not letting the virus produce proteins that help them evade the immune system
- prevent viral assembly of proteins by inhibiting viral enzymes involved in the process of replication
- genome replication
- polyprotein processing
- attachment to the cells
- inhibition in the assembly process of virus
- inhibition of molecular structure