Untitled Flashcards Set

Keynotes: Art Appreciation (Module 1 – Defining Arts: Assumptions, Scope, and Limitation)

Intended Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the definition of art and its fundamental concepts.

2. Explain different assumptions and beliefs about how art is perceived.

3. Identify the scope and limitations of art in society.

Key Concepts on Art

1. Art Defined

• Art is not isolated; it exists because humans exist and seek beauty.

• It serves as a source of delight, expression, and meaning in life.

• Art helps humans find balance and escape mundanity.

2. Notions & Assumptions of Art

A. Art is Everywhere

• Art is present in our daily lives (e.g., clothing, music, design, structures).

• It provides an outlet for expression and enjoyment in life.

2. Art as Expression and Communication

• Art conveys emotions, individuality, and identity through visual, auditory, and performing arts.

• It serves as a universal language that allows people to communicate beyond words.

3. Art as Creation

• The process of creating art gives it meaning, not just the final product.

• Involves originality, planning, skill, and execution.

4. Art and Experience

• Art is connected to life experiences, emotions, and personal perspectives.

• It is a way for artists to manifest their thoughts and feelings authentically.

5. Art and Nature

• Art is different from nature – Art is a deliberate, conscious creation, while nature is not.

• Even though nature inspires art (e.g., landscapes, human figures), art is a product of human creativity and not just nature itself.

6. Art and Beauty

• Beauty is subjective, influenced by individual perception and culture.

• There is no universal definition of beauty—it varies based on personal experience, culture, and knowledge.

• “Beauty is not just in the eye of the beholder, but in the culture of the beholder.”

Here are the keynotes from the document "Art Appreciation - Module 4: Manner in Presenting Art as a Subject and Levels of Meaning of Subject":

Introduction:

• Artists create art not just for creativity but to depict recurring issues, human experiences, and symbolic meanings.

• Art should be interpreted beyond its visual appearance to understand its deeper symbolism.

Manner of Presenting Art as a Subject

There are different ways artists present their subjects:

1. Realism
   
   

   • Presents subjects as they appear in reality.

   • Focus on accurate representation, without abstraction or distortion.

   • Example: Portrait of Ambalang Ausalin by an unnamed artist.

2. Abstraction
   
   

   • Meaning is determined by the artist.

   • Objects are reorganized using shapes and colors instead of their natural form.

   • Types of Abstraction:

     • Cubism: Breaks objects into geometric shapes (e.g., Girl with a Mandolin by Pablo Picasso).

     • Distortion: Alters shapes, making them appear twisted or exaggerated (e.g., Beautiful Distortions by Henrietta Harris).

     • Mangling: Exaggerated distortion, often slashed or disfigured, associated with Dadaism (e.g., The Weeping Woman by Pablo Picasso).

     • Abstract Expressionism: Spontaneous, energetic, non-traditional forms (e.g., The Weeping Woman by Picasso).

3. Surrealism
   
   

   • Depicts subjects through a mix of realism and fantasy.

   • Evokes a dream-like state or suspension of reality.

   • Example: The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí.

4. Expressionism
   
   

   • Intense, non-realistic colors and free brushwork.

   • Depicts exaggerated emotions.

   • Example: The Weeping Woman by Picasso.

5. Futurism
   
   

   • Highlights movement, technology, speed, and modernity.

   • Common themes: machines, cities, dynamic movement, airplanes, etc.

   • Example: The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni.

6. Fauvism
   
   

   • Uses bold, bright colors to express joy and freedom.

   • Known as the “wild beasts” of painting.

   • Example: The Turning Road by André Derain.

7. Dadaism
   
   

   • Rebellious, non-sensical, and anti-traditional.

   • Focus on absurdity, randomness, and protest against conventional art.

   • Example: The work of Marcel Duchamp and La Trahison des Clercs.

8. Expressionism
   
   

   • Emphasizes emotions through distorted shapes and exaggerated colors.

   • Example: The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh.

9. Symbolism
   
   

   • Uses realistic imagery with deeper symbolic meanings.

   • Often found in paintings, literature, and other artistic forms.

   • Example: The Trial of Time by Alfred Dolezal.

Here are the keynotes from the "Art App Module 4 - Elements and Principles of Visual Arts":

Introduction

• Art is created using a combination of elements and principles.

• Artists use these elements and principles intentionally to convey messages, emotions, and perspectives.

• Viewers analyze these aspects to understand an artwork’s meaning and context.

Intended Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify various elements of visual arts.

2. Recognize the principles of visual arts.

3. Apply the elements and principles in creating visual art.

Elements vs. Principles

• Elements: Fundamental components of artwork; directly observable.

• Principles: Underlying decisions that guide the arrangement of elements to achieve meaning and expression in art.

Elements of Visual Arts

1. Line
   
   

   • Used to direct the viewer’s eye, define shapes, or create textures.

   • Types of lines:

   • Straight Lines:

     • Vertical: Strength, stability, height.

     • Horizontal: Rest, calmness, peace.

     • Diagonal: Movement, action, tension.

   • Curved Lines: Grace, femininity, change, movement.

   • Jagged Lines: Anxiety, turbulence, instability.

2. Shape
   
   

   • Two-dimensional enclosed spaces.

   • Types:

     • Organic Shapes: Irregular, curvy, natural (e.g., clouds, leaves).

     • Geometric Shapes: Circles, squares, triangles—man-made, structured forms.

3. Form
   
   

   • Three-dimensional shapes with length, width, and height.

   • Types:

     • Geometric Forms: Cubes, spheres, pyramids.

     • Organic Forms: Free-flowing, natural, irregular.

4. Color
   
   

   • Color is produced when light reflects off an object.

   • Properties:

     • Hue: The name of a color (e.g., red, blue, green).

     • Intensity (Saturation): The brightness or dullness of a color.

     • Value: The lightness or darkness of a color.

   • Color Wheel:

     • Primary colors: Red, Blue, Yellow.

     • Secondary colors: Orange, Green, Purple.

     • Tertiary Colors: Mixing a primary and a secondary color (e.g., blue-green, red-orange).

   • Color schemes:

     • Complementary: Opposite colors on the color wheel (e.g., blue and orange).

     • Analogous: Colors next to each other on the wheel.

     • Monochromatic: Variations of a single hue.

     • Complementary contrast: Using colors opposite each other to create strong contrast.

5. Texture
   
   

   • The surface quality of an artwork.

   • Can be tactile (felt by touch) or visual (suggested through appearance).

   • Adds depth, realism, and interest to a composition.

6. Space
   
   

   • The area within, around, or between objects in an artwork.

   • Positive Space: Areas occupied by subjects.

   • Negative Space: Empty or open areas around objects.

   • Used for depth, contrast, and focus.

7. Value
   
   

   • The lightness or darkness of a color.

   • Tint: A lighter version of a color (adding white).

   • Shade: A darker version of a color by adding black.

   • Helps create depth, form, and three-dimensionality.

Principles of Visual Arts

• Principles guide how elements are arranged in an artwork to create harmony, balance, and meaning.

1. Unity
   
   

   • The sense of wholeness and cohesion in an artwork.

   • Achieved by combining similar elements like color, shapes, and textures.

2. Rhythm
   
   

   • The repetition of elements (such as colors, lines, or patterns) to create movement.

3. Variety
   
   

   • The use of different elements to add interest and avoid monotony.

   • A balance of unity and variety is necessary for engaging art.

4. Balance
   
   

   • The sense of visual stability in an artwork.

   • Types:

     • Symmetrical Balance (Formal): Evenly distributed, mirrored elements.

     • Asymmetrical Balance: Different elements are used but still create a sense of visual balance.

     • Radial Balance: Elements radiate outward from a center point.

5. Proportion
   
   

   • The relationship between objects and their relative size and placement.

   • Used to create depth and drama in compositions.

6. Emphasis & Subordination
   
   

   • Emphasis: Drawing attention to a particular part of the artwork.

   • Subordination: Reducing the importance of some elements to make others stand out.

   • Achieved through color contrast, placement, and size.

7. The Rule of Thirds
   
   

   • Dividing an image into a 3x3 grid and placing important elements at the intersections.

   • Helps achieve balance and directs the viewer’s attention.

Summary

• Elements of Art: Line, Shape, Form, Color, Texture, Space, and Value.

• Principles of Visual Arts: Unity, Rhythm, Variety, Balance, Proportion, Emphasis, and the Rule of Thirds.

• Elements are the basic building blocks of art, while principles are the rules that guide their use.

• The combination of these elements and principles determines how an artwork conveys meaning and evokes emotions.

Here are the keynotes from Art Appreciation Module 5A: Mediums and Techniques in Music, Auditory Arts, Painting, Architecture, Sculpture, and Combined (Auditory and Performing) Arts:

Introduction

• The module explores different art mediums and techniques in music, auditory and performing arts.

• Students will identify and differentiate mediums in music, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

• They will also showcase their talents in music, auditory, and performing arts through a recorded presentation.

Medium of Music

• Music is the language of the soul, expressed through sound.

• Three mediums of music production:

  1. Instruments with vibrators (e.g., piano, guitar, violin).

  2. Groups of musical instruments (e.g., orchestras, bands).

  3. Human voices (e.g., singing, a cappella).

Four Groups of Musical Instruments

1. Stringed Instruments – Violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp, and guitar.

2. Woodwind Instruments – Flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, saxophone.

3. Brass Instruments – Trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba.

4. Percussion Instruments – Drums, xylophone, tambourine, cymbals, etc.

Keyboard Instruments

• Piano – Stringed instrument, used for solo performances, accompaniment, and composition.

• Organ – Once called the “King of Instruments,” used in churches.

• Celesta – Sounds like soft chimes, used in old churches.

Musical Groups

• Orchestra – Large ensemble with a conductor, mainly consists of string instruments.

• Chamber Music – Performed for small audiences in private rooms.

• Bands – Smaller than an orchestra, mainly wind and percussion instruments.

• Philippine Instrumental Groups:

  • Rondalla – Stringed instrument band.

  • Pangkat Kawayan – Bamboo musical ensemble.

  • Musikang Bumbong – Bamboo wind instruments similar to Western brass.

Classification of the Human Voice

1. Soprano – High-pitched female voice.

2. Alto – Low-pitched female voice.

3. Mezzo-Soprano – Mix of soprano and alto.

4. Tenor – High-pitched male voice.

5. Baritone – Mid-range male voice.

6. Bass – Low-pitched male voice.

Painting Mediums

• Mediums: The materials used in art (e.g., pigments, wood, stone, sound, body movement).

• Technique – The artist’s ability to manipulate their chosen medium.

Types of Painting Mediums

1. Encaustic – Bee’s wax and resin, used in Egyptian coffins.

2. Tempera – Mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk, dries quickly.

3. Fresco – Pigments mixed with water applied on damp plaster.

4. Watercolor – Uses pure pigment bound with gum arabic.

5. Oil Painting – Thick pigment mixed with solvent, slow-drying, forms a glossy film.

6. Acrylic – A fast-drying synthetic paint, flexible and does not yellow with age.

7. Mosaic – Small pieces of colored stones or glass (Tesserae) arranged to form images.

8. Stained Glass – Colored glass cut into pieces, used in Gothic cathedrals.

9. Tapestry – Woven colored designs, used for decoration and insulation.

10. Drawing Mediums:

    • Ink – Sepia, bistre, and Chinese ink.

    • Pastel & Chalk – Dry pigments compressed into sticks.

    • Charcoal – Made from burnt wood, used for shading.

    • Silver Point – Drawing with a silver wire on paper with a zinc white coating.

11. Velvet Painting – Painting on velvet fabric for a dark background effect.

Techniques in Painting

1. Wet-on-Wet – Applying wet paint over a wet surface.

2. Chiaroscuro – Strong contrast between light and dark (e.g., works by Leonardo da Vinci, Caravaggio, Rembrandt).

3. Sfumato – “Smoky” blending of colors to create depth (e.g., Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci).

4. Repoussoir – Using objects in the foreground to frame the main subject (e.g., The Coronation of Napoleon by Jacques-Louis David).

Printmaking Techniques

1. Relief Printing – Cutting away portions of a wood or linoleum block to leave an image.

2. Intaglio Printing – Image scratched or engraved onto a metal plate.

3. Lithography – Printing using grease-treated images and water-resistant ink.

4. Serigraphy (Silkscreen/Spray Paint) – Using stencils to print bold images (e.g., Graffiti).

5. Engraving – Cutting into surfaces to create designs.

6. Sand Painting – Creating images with colored sand.

7. Photography & Digital Prints – Capturing images through light (photography) and printing using digital technology.

Sculpture Mediums

• Stone – Durable but hard to work with.

• Jade – Used for jewelry and artwork, common in China.

• Metals – Used for sculptures, conduct heat, and have a metallic luster.

• Clay – Malleable but fragile unless fired or treated.

• Glass – Molded into different shapes and colors, but very fragile.

• Wood – Easily carved but prone to decay.

Architecture

• Architecture is the art of designing and supervising the construction of buildings.

• Serves various purposes: physical (shelter), emotional (beauty), intellectual (education & government), and psychosocial needs.

Common Architectural Materials

1. Stone – Durable, high compressive strength, fire-resistant.

2. Ceramic – Includes bricks, tiles, glass.

3. Metal – Includes iron, copper, and steel.

4. Concrete – Durable, flexible, widely available.

5. Plastics – Versatile and can be molded.

6. Indigenous Materials – Local materials like bamboo, sawali, and abaca.

Key Takeaways

• Music is the “language of the soul” and is produced by instruments and the human voice.

• There are four main groups of musical instruments: Stringed, Woodwind, Brass, and Percussion.

• Painting mediums include encaustic, tempera, fresco, oil, watercolor, acrylic, and mixed painting techniques.

• Auditory arts include music, poetry, and concerts.

• Sculpture is creating art in three dimensions using materials like stone, clay, wood, or glass.

• Architecture is the art of designing and constructing buildings using materials like stone, concrete, metal, and even indigenous materials.

• Printmaking includes techniques like relief printing, intaglio, lithography, and screen printing.

• Curator is a manager or keeper of a cultural heritage collection.

Here are the keynotes from the Art Appreciation Module 5B: Elements and Principles of Music, Dance, Theatre, Cinema, and Literature:

Music

• Pitch: Frequency of a note's vibration; creates scales.

• Rhythm: Organization of music in time; includes tempo and meter.

• Timbre: Tone quality or color of a sound.

• Texture: Density of sound layers (monophony, homophony, polyphony).

• Melody: Succession of musical notes, forming musical lines.

• Tempo: Speed of the music (fast, medium, slow).

• Dynamics: Volume or loudness (crescendo, decrescendo).

Dance

• Theme: The story or emotions expressed.

• Movement: Dancers' expressions and gestures.

• Music: Background sounds that align with the theme.

• Spectacle: Visual impact, including costumes, props, and lighting.

Theatre

• Script: Blueprint of the production.

• Plot: Sequence of events.

• Musical Score: Sets mood and enhances emotions.

• Costumes: Helps in character portrayal.

Cinema

• Time: Includes physical, psychological, and dramatic time.

  • Physical Time: Slow motion, fast motion, reverse motion, stopped motion.

  • Psychological Time: Emotional perception of time.

  • Dramatic Time: Duration of events in the story (flashbacks, prologues, epilogues).

• Space: Realness of objects on screen.

  • Shot Sizes: Long, medium, close-up.

  • Camera Angles: Upward, downward, horizontal.

  • Camera Movements: Tracking, panning, framing.

• Transitions:

  • Fade: Gradual disappearance of an image.

  • Dissolve: Overlapping images.

  • Iris In/Out: Screen fades to/from a circle.

  • Turn-over: Rotating the screen to transition.

Literature

• Fiction vs. Non-Fiction:

  • Fiction: Imaginative (short stories, novels, poetry, drama).

  • Non-Fiction: Informative (essays, biographies).

• Elements of Folk Literature:

  • Character: Heroes/heroines with unique traits.

  • Setting: Imaginary world.

  • Plot: Events following a specific pattern.

  • Theme: Cultural beliefs and traditions.

  • Style: Oral storytelling traditions.

• Elements of Poetry:

  • Stanza: Division of a poem.

  • Meter: Pattern of stressed/unstressed syllables.

  • Sound/Rhythm: Rhyme scheme and accents.

  • Figurative Language: Metaphors, similes, personification.

  • Imagery: Evokes visual and sensory experiences.

• Elements of Short Story & Novel:

  • Character: Dynamic (changes) or static (unchanging).

  • Plot: Exposition, rising action, climax, denouement.

  • Setting: Time and place.

  • Theme: Central idea or message.

  • Point of View:

    • First Person: Character narrates.

    • Omniscient: All-knowing narrator.

    • Limited Omniscient: Focus on a few characters.

• Essay Elements:

  • Theme/Content: Central idea or experience.

  • Style: Subjective but clear and engaging.

  • Form/Structure: Logical arrangement of ideas.

Keynotes from Art History

Prehistoric Period

• Art in this period includes:

  • Petroglyphs: Rock engravings like cupules and carvings.

  • Pictographs: Cave paintings and drawings.

• Cave Art: Painted images found in Altamira Cave, Spain (c. 15,000 BCE), with life-size and multicolored depictions of animals.

• Hand Art: Found in caves in Spain, France, and Turkey, created using red, black, and white pigments.

• Prehistoric Sculptures:

  • Venus of Willendorf (25,000 BCE) - Represents fertility.

  • Megalithic Art - Large stone arrangements like Stonehenge, built 3000-1520 BCE, possibly used as a cemetery.

Ancient Civilizations: Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans

• Egyptians: Art closely linked with religion; focus on afterlife, mummification, and idealized forms. Example: Pyramids of Giza, Book of the Dead, Anubis Weighing the Soul.

• Greeks:

  • Archaic period: Linear geometric designs, vase paintings, and nude male sculptures (Kouros).

  • Classical (Hellenic) period: Golden age of Greek art. Key features include harmony, perfect proportion, and balance.

  • Hellenistic period: More dynamic and expressive art showing human imperfections.

  • Architecture: Developed three classical orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Example: Parthenon.

• Romans: Adopted and modified Greek art. Their style was more naturalistic and realistic.

  • Introduced concrete, which helped build strong structures.

  • Known for realistic portraits (busts), equestrian statues, fresco wall paintings, and grand architectural projects.

  • Notable structures: Colosseum (70-80 AD) - an architectural marvel.

  • Developed vaulting system, rounded arches, domes, and aqueducts.