Chemistry Year 11 Topic 2 -Lesson 3-Physical properties of metals

Learning Intentions

• Describe the physical properties of metallic substances.

• Draw and describe the structure of metals to explain their physical properties.

Separation Methodology (Homework Questions)

Question 5: Mixture Isolation

• Components: CuCl₂, NaCl, Graphite (C)

• Solubilities: 61g CuCl₂/100g water, 36g NaCl/100g water; Graphite is insoluble.

• Isolation Method: Dissolve CuCl₂ and NaCl in water to leave solid graphite. (Include filtration apparatus sketch)

• Filtration Limitations: Cannot separate CuCl₂ and NaCl due to both being soluble.

Question 6: Distillation of NaCl & CuCl₂

• Solubilities in Ethanol: 67g CuCl₂/100g, 0.065g NaCl/100g.

• Procedure: Dissolve mixture in ethanol, heat to form crystals.

  • Crystals formed are pure NaCl.

  • Heating prevents flammable vapors.

  • Washing crystals removes impurities; clear rinsate indicates effectiveness.

  • Residue indicates possible impurities from ethanol's solubilities.

Question 7: Distillation of Methyl Methanoate

• Production: Methanol reacts with excess methanoic acid.

• Distillation: Utilizes different boiling points; lowest BP vaporizes first.

  • Verification of purity through boiling point measurement and crystal formation.

  • Distillation may be ineffective due to overlapping boiling point ranges.

Question 8: Mineral Separation

• Minerals: Ilmenite, rutile, zircon, and quartz.*

• Density Differences: Heavy minerals (4.2-5.0g/mL); Quartz (2.7g/mL).

• Separation Process: Mining, washing, screening, and spiral gravity separation.

Metallic Bonding

• Characteristics: Metals have weakly held valence electrons and lose electrons to achieve full valence shells.

• Structure: Lattice of metal atoms with delocalized electrons moving freely.

• Forces: Non-directional electrostatic attraction between delocalized electrons and metal ions.

Physical Properties of Metals

• Key Properties:

  • Lustrous Appearance: Shiny due to free electron vibrational movement.

  • Conductors of Heat and Electricity: Delocalized electrons facilitate energy and current flow.

  • Malleable and Ductile: Atoms can slide without breaking bonds.

  • High Melting/Boiling Points: Indicate strong bonds requiring significant energy to break.