Demographic change

Demographic Change

What is Demography?

The study of human populations

Population trends: OUR HISTORY (chart and population growth)

Demographic Transition Model

Population Statistics

Birth Rate

Live births per 1,000 people

Death Rate

Deaths per 1,000 people

Natural Increase Rate

(NIR) = BR (birth rate) – DR (death rate)

Immigration Rate

Number of immigrants per 1,000 people

Emigration Rate

 Number of emigrants per 1,000 people

Net Migration Rate

IR (immigration rate) – ER (emigration rate)

Population Growth Rate

(PGR) = (BR - DR) + (IR -  ER)

Positive and Negative Influences on Demographic Change

Positive influences: Economic Growth, increased workforce and support from the government

Negative influences: Aging population, social disruption, the economic burden

Population Pyramids (what are they and what do they measure/represent)

1. Age Distribution: The vertical axis of the population pyramid represents different age groups, typically in five-year intervals (e.g., 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, etc.). The bars show the proportion or number of individuals within each age group, allowing the viewer to assess the relative size of different age cohorts.
2. Population Size: The width of the bars in the population pyramid reflects the population size within each age group. Wider bars indicate larger population sizes, while narrower bars indicate smaller populations.
3. Gender Distribution: The population pyramid is divided into male and female sections, with each side representing the respective gender. By comparing the width of the bars on each side, one can assess the gender balance within different age groups.
4. Dependency Ratio: The shape of the population pyramid can provide insights into the dependency ratio, which compares the size of the dependent population (typically children and elderly) to the working-age population. A broad base with a smaller middle and narrower top indicates a youthful population with a lower dependency ratio, while a narrower base and wider top indicate an aging population with a higher dependency ratio.