4.7: Changing social hierarchies; Social change

Responses to Ethnic Diversity

• “Relative” tolerances does not means Jews enjoyed full equality under Ottoman rule

• Ottoman Welcomes the Jews

  • “Relative” tolerance does not mean jews enjoyed full equality under ottoman rule.

    • Jews had to pay the jizya tax → That non-muslims had to pay and only lived in designated parts or urban areas

• Machu Empire: Was “Relative” tolerances

  • They

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Rise of New elites

• in terms of social hierarchies, the new economic opportunities of increasing global trade and the increased political power of imperial ventures led to the rise of new political elites

• Casta Systems which organize their colonial society into a ranked social hierarchy

  • prior to the imposing of the casta system, natives people were part of a wide variety of linguistic and cultural groups.

Struggles of existing Elites

• Russian Boyars

  • This group made up of the aristocratic land-owning class in Russia and they exerted great power in the administration of the empire for centuries

• Ottoman Timars

  • Timars were land grants made by the Ottoman state to an aristocratic class in payment for service to the government, usually military's service