Lesson-2.-Qualitative-versus-Quantitative-Research

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• Qualitative Research: Explores phenomena through subjective measures.

• Quantitative Research: Utilizes numerical data to quantify problems.

HYPOTHESES

• Types of Hypotheses:

  • Null Hypothesis (H0): States there is no effect or relationship.

  • Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Indicates the presence of an effect or relationship.

• Focuses on understanding human behavior, experiences, feelings, and emotions.

DATA DESCRIPTION

• Data Types:

  • Quantitative Data: Numerical values, measured and analyzed using statistical tools.

  • Qualitative Data: Descriptive narratives, stories, and experiences.

SAMPLING METHODS

• Large Sample: Involves more respondents for broader insights.

• Limited Sample: Focused group of participants for in-depth analysis.

• Sampling Methods:

  • Random Sampling: Each member has an equal chance of selection.

  • Fishbowl Method: Participants drawn randomly from a bowl.

  • Purposive Sampling: Selected based on specific characteristics.

  • Cluster Sampling: Division of population into clusters and randomly sampling clusters.

DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES

• Qualitative Techniques:

  • Surveys and Questionnaires: Standardized, structured methods to gather information.

  • Interviews: Semi-structured or unstructured formats to allow open discussions.

  • Group Discussions: Interaction among participants to elicit diverse viewpoints.

• Quantitative Techniques:

  • Close-ended Questions: Predefined answers to quantify responses.

  • Open-ended Questions: Allows for more comprehensive answers.

DATA ANALYSIS

• Utilizes various statistical tools to analyze quantitative data.

• Thematic Analysis for qualitative data: Analyzes patterns and themes from narratives.

• Statistical Tools: Tools like Pearson's r, Spearman's rho, for correlation and analysis.

OUTCOMES

• Focus on Conclusions: New insights gained from research findings.

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Both involve inquiry, investigation, and immersion into topics.

2. Aims to improve human life through research insights.

3. Use textual forms for data analysis and interpretation.

4. Research starts and ends with a specific problem or question.

CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC

• Considerations:

  1. Interest in the subject matter.

  2. Availability of resources and information.

  3. Timeliness and relevance to current issues.

  4. Personal resources and limitations.

TOPICS TO AVOID IN RESEARCH

• Controversial Topics: Can lead to biased results or ethical dilemmas.

• Too Broad Topics: Difficult to manage and analyze effectively.

• Too Narrow Topics: Limited research scope and findings.

RESEARCH SOURCES

• Mass Media and Communication: Utilization of various media formats.

• Books and Journals: Access to professional and general periodicals to gather existing knowledge.

• Work Experience and Previous Assignments: Application of learned principles.