CIVL4170 Week 3 - lecture 5&6 - Identify Assess and Treat Risks 1 - lecture slides

CIVL4170: Risk Analysis in Civil Engineering

Lecture 5&6: Identify, Assess and Treat Risks (Part 1)

• A/Prof Ilje Pikaar

• Week 3 - Semester 1, 2025

Recap of Week 2: The Risk Management Process

• ISO 31000 Risk Management Framework

  • Step 1: Establish the scope.

  • Step 2: Risk Identification.

  • Step 3: Risk Analysis.

  • Step 4: Risk Evaluation.

  • Step 5: Risk Treatment.

  • Step 6: Monitoring and reviewing risk.

• Example Focus: Filling a road tanker at a Tanker Depot (steps 1 and 2).

Understanding Risk Management

• Definition: Risk management is the systematic application of management policies, procedures, and practices for tasks such as communication, consultation, establishing context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring, and reviewing risk.

• Importance of Risk Assessment: A conscious effort to evaluate the probability and consequences (positive or negative) of taking an action.

Establishing Context (ISO 31000 Risk Management Framework)

• Key Components:

  • Communication and consultation

  • Risk Assessment

  • Risk Identification

  • Risk Analysis

  • Risk Evaluation

  • Risk Treatment

  • Scenario Identification

  • Control Analysis

  • Control Management

  • Planning

  • Monitoring and review

Types of Risks in Civil Engineering

• Various types of risks relevant to the profession include:

  • Work Health & Safety (WH&S)

  • Environmental

  • Social

  • Financial

  • Project-related risks

• Risk Identification Techniques: Numerous techniques available; none are perfect. Commonly used technique:

  • Risk matrix (qualitative)

• Principles of Risk Management:

  • Hierarchy of Controls

  • Inherently Safe Design

  • Defence in Depth (layers of protection)

  • ALARP

  • Bowtie analysis: A common risk management tool.

• Remember: There is no such thing as ZERO RISK!

• Risk management is a continuing process emphasizing good documentation and communication.

Key Terms in Risk Management

1. Risk: Effect of uncertainty on objectives.

2. Risk Identification: Finding, recognizing, and describing risks.

   • Hazard: A potential source of harm (e.g., electricity, gas at pressure, fluids, falling objects).

   • Threat: Something that can release a hazard (e.g., corrosion).

3. Risk Analysis: Estimation of likelihood and consequences of an event.

   • Likelihood: Frequency of occurrence (e.g., 1/year).

   • Consequence: Impact of an event (e.g., injury, asset loss).

   • Exposure: Entities of value at risk during potential incidents.

4. Risk Evaluation: Deciding if a risk is acceptable or requires treatment.

5. Risk Treatment: Identifying controls to prevent or mitigate risks.

   • Unwanted Event: Unplanned release of a hazard.

   • Control: Device or action to arrest or mitigate an unwanted event.

Quiz Questions Recap for Week 2

• ALARP Demonstration Questions:

  1. How to demonstrate ALARP?

     • Look at cost, previous successes, practicality of options.

  2. Identify risk treatment options:

     • Reduce exposure occurrence, eliminate threats.

  3. Correct statements:

     • HAZID identifies risks using hazard sources; HAZOP identifies risks with process deviations.

     • Quantitative methods apply more than qualitative methods.

     • FMEA identifies risks associated with equipment failures.

Course Scope and Focus Areas

• Focus Areas Include:

  • Stakeholder & Reputation Risk Management

  • Safety & Health

  • Environmental Impacts

  • Cybersecurity

  • Financial Performance

• Key Activities:

  • Identify, Assess and Treat Risks

  • Monitor and Review Risk Management

Example Case Study: Risk Assessment for Tanker Depot

• Scenario: Performing a Risk Assessment & completing a Risk Register for filling a road tanker at a Tanker Depot.

  • Depot receives petrol and diesel via pipelines from a refinery.

  • Pumps fuel into road tankers.

  • Site equipped with basic safety measures: spill kits, emergency stop systems, and cleanup equipment.

Useful Product Information for Risk Assessment

Properties of Fuels

• Unleaded Petrol:

  • Solubility in Water: Nil

  • Flash Point: -40°C

  • Hazards: Highly flammable.

• Diesel:

  • Solubility in Water: Nil

  • Flash Point: >61.5°C

  • General Hazards: Flammable.

Risk Assessment Process Overview

Step 1: Establish the Context

• Scope Consideration Table (PLEATESO framework):

  • People: Identify involved and impacted individuals.

  • Locations: Areas where risk exists.

  • Equipment: Tools and machinery involved.

  • Activities: Operations/tasks evaluated.

  • Timing: Schedule and duration of tasks.

  • Environmental conditions: Weather impacting risks.

  • Scenarios: Known risk scenarios.

  • Other assumptions: Information on potential hazards and controls.

Step 1 Detailed Tasks

1. Determine objectives of the risk assessment.

2. Identify stakeholders to involve in the process.

3. Establish the scope including included/excluded factors.

4. Select risk assessment approaches and document context for clarity.

Draft Scope Table Exercise

• Task: Create a scope table for filling a road tanker.

• Use: The 'Risk Register 2025 blank - Project 1A'.

• Framework: PLEATESO.

• Duration: 20 minutes to draft, note any missing information.

Project Name and Scope Table Example

• Project Name: Risk assessment for filling petrol at the tanker filling depot.

• In Scope:

  • Operators and teams dealing with fuel management.

  • Locations, equipment, and activities involved outlined in detail.

• Out of Scope:

  • Situations not relevant to immediate risk assessment.

Risk Register Template Overview

• Components Include:

  • People, Locations, Equipment, Activities, Environmental considerations, Scenarios, Other assumptions.

  • Must be clearly understood and useful as a communication tool in risk management.

Risk Identification: Hazard Descriptions

• Unwanted Event Scenarios: Clear definitions and examples of hazards/risks.

1. Hazard: Mechanical - moving vehicles.

   • Described with specific scenarios (e.g., tankers hitting workers).

2. Common Errors: Misidentifying unwanted events as hazards.

Risk Identification Review Tasks

• Task: For each unwanted event, clearly outline potential causes and consequences.

• Consequence Considerations: Capturing multiple impacts of the event.

• Importance of Documentation: Ensuring clear communication and identification of necessary actions.

Example of Worked Out Solutions

• List potential causes and consequences for various scenarios involving hazardous materials and mechanical risks.

• Final considerations for risk treatment involve defining controls, expected outcomes, and monitoring methodologies.

Closing Questions and Interaction

• Open floor for inquiries and clarification on risk assessment processes in context.

• Encourage interaction and questions to solidify understanding.