Phyla and Classes of the Animal Kingdom

Chordata- a phylum that includes animals with a spine, dorsal hollow nerve code as its embryo

• Most are Vertebretes with bones, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

Mammalia- a class within the phylum Chordata characterized by the presence of mammary glands, hair or fur, and the ability to maintain a constant body temperature.

• Ex. Humans, tiger, zebra

Reptilia- a class within the phylum Chordata that includes reptiles characterized by their scaly skin and typically laying eggs on land after internal fertilization

• Ex. Crocodiles, snakes, lizards

Amphibia - a class within the phylum Chordata, known for their dual life stages: an aquatic larval stage that breathes through gills and a terrestrial adult stage that typically breathes through lungs.

• Ex. Frogs, toads, salamanders

Aves - a class within the phylum Chordata, characterized by feathers, beaks, and the ability to lay hard-shelled eggs.

• Ex. Eagles, sparrows, penguins

Chondrichthyes- a class within the phylum Chordata that includes cartilaginous fish ans use gill respiration with tough skin

• Ex. Sharks, rays, and skates.

Osteichthyes- a class within the phylum Chordata that comprises bony fish; they generally have a skeleton made of bone and typically covers swim bladders for buoyancy and gills for respiration.

• Ex. Salmon, trout, and goldfish.

Porifera- a phylum of simple, porous animals known as sponges; they are characterized by their lack of true tissues and organs, relying on a symmetricalbody structure to filter feed and absorb nutrients from the water.

• Ex. Sycon, Clions, Euplectella

Cnidaria- a phylum that includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones; these organisms are known for their radial symmetry and specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes, which they use for capturing prey.

• Medusa, Cuboza, Hydroazoa

Platyhelminthes- A phylum of animals that have flat bodies and use their skin to breathe with the ability to regenerate lost body parts.

• Dugesia, Taenia Solium

Annelida- a phylum consisting of animals with segmented bodiescapable of regeneration without a backbone

Polychaeta- A class of animals with bright, segmented bodies

• Ex. Bristol Worm, Bobbit Worm

Oligochaeta- A class of animals with small tube bodies that have hair-like bristles called satae

• Ex. Earthworms

Hirudinea- A class of animals with 2 suckers that feed on vertebretes blood and have Male & Female reproductive organs

• Ex. Leaches

Mollusca- The 2nd largest animal phylum with over 100,000 species that spend their time in water and some land

Gastropoda- Class with animals containing a single shell, soft bodies, and toothead toungues

• Ex. Snail

Cepholopoda- Class made up of animals with arms and tentacles with an ink sac. They are capable of changing color and have a complex nervous system.

• Ex. Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish

Bivalvia- Class of animals with compressed soft bodies without heads and a hard exoskeleton

Arthropoda- A phylum made up of 23 classes containing 1.3 million species that have segmented bodies

Insecta- A class of invertebreted insects with 3 part bodies with a pair of antennae

Arachnida- A class of insects with 8 legs and a divided body. They have no antennae and some produce milk.

• Ex. Spider, tick, mite

Crustacea- A class of oceanic animals with hard exoskeletons and a segmented body. They have gills for respiration and compound eyes.

• Ex. Lobster, Krill

Chilopoda- A class of animals witg long bodies with 10-100 legs and long jaws

• Ex. Centipede

Diplopoda- A class of animals with 2 legs per segment with slow cylinder shaped bodies. Detrivores.

• Ex. Milipede

Echinodermata-

Echinoidea- A class of animals with radial symetry, spiny skin, and an internal star shape

• Sea urchin, Sand dollar

Asteroidea- A class of animals with eyes sensitive to light with unique vascular system and fluid-fitted feet to help them breathe

• Ex. Asteroidea

Holothuroidea- A class of animals with 10-30 tentacles around the mouth to help with water exchange. The class has around 100 different species