Lecture+9+slides

Page 1: Introduction to Prokaryotes

• Domains in Focus: Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria

• Concept: The early tree of life may resemble a "tangled web" due to extensive horizontal gene transfer.

• Significant Groups:

  • Chloroplasts, Mitochondria, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota

Page 2: Exam Preparation Overview

• Today's Plan: Review for lecture exam 1 and discuss Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea.

• Key Questions:

  1. Why are prokaryotes successful?

  2. How do they reproduce and achieve genetic diversity?

  3. What are their nutritional and metabolic capabilities?

  4. Key aspects of prokaryotic diversity.

  5. Roles of prokaryotes in ecosystems.

• Attendance: Required.

Page 3: Exam 1 Review

• Focus on crucial concepts from lectures and readings.

Page 4: Study Tips

• Multiple choice questions akin to practice problems on Canvas and in-class activities.

• Book exercises are beneficial for practice.

• Student Learning Objectives (SLOs) encompass all exam content but may not mirror exact wording.

• Example from SLO: Natural selection elements may be presented in multiple formats.

• All exam material derives from lecture slides; dates are unnecessary.

Page 5: Logistics of Exam

• Timing: Lecture from 12:00 PM to 1:20 PM.

• Restrictions: No notes or devices allowed; no grading curve.

• Exam Structure: 80 points total: 30 multiple-choice questions and 8 short-answer questions.

• Format: Partial credit available for short-answer; clarity in responses is key.

• Bring an 882-E scantron to the exam.

Page 6: Lecture 6 Content Review

• Key Learning Objectives:

  • Contrast between meiosis and mitosis.

  • Meiosis reduces chromosome numbers in daughter cells; unique crossing over processes.

  • Factors contributing to genetic variation during mitosis include independent assortment and crossing over.

Page 7: Hardy-Weinberg Practice Scenario

• Population Scenario: 10 cats, genotypes given (bb, Bb, BB).

• Task: Calculate frequencies of each allele and genotype.

Page 8: Hardy-Weinberg Next Generation Analysis

• Next Generation Population Overview: Also 10 cats. Similar task to previous page, with H-W equilibrium assumptions.

Page 9: Hardy-Weinberg Generational Effects

• Population Study: 700 cats with diverse coat colors (252 black, 448 white).

• Query: Determine H-W equilibrium status.

Page 10-11: Phylogeny Practice

• Individual Task: Create a phylogeny using provided data and derived characters; discuss with peers for consensus.

Page 12: Key Taxa Overview

• Groups of Focus: Invertebrate taxa, various arthropods, mollusks, and more, highlighting major lineage distinctions.

Page 13: Lecture Coverage for Exam 2

• Chapters for Coverage:

  • Ch 27: Prokarya

  • Ch 28: Protists

  • Ch 29: Non-vascular plants

  • Ch 30: Vascular and flowering plants

  • Ch 35-39: Plant physiology

  • Ch 31: Fungi

  • Ch 32-51: Selected sections of animalia and physiology.

Page 14: Prokaryotic Environment Example

• Figure Insight: Pink hue of a salt lake in Spain indicates the presence of unique prokaryotic life forms thriving under extreme saline