Pelvis Anatomy Notes

Pelvis

  • Male and Female Pelvis

Female Pelvis Viscera

  • Viscera within the Female Pelvis:
    • Rectum
    • Urinary Bladder
    • Fundus, Uterus
    • Ovary
    • Uterine Tube
    • Round Ligament of the Uterus
    • Mesosalpinx, Broad Ligament of the Uterus
    • Sigmoid Colon
    • Body, Uterus
    • Mesometrium, Broad Ligament of the Uterus

Uterus and Ovary Anatomy

  • Key Structures:
    • Ureter
    • Ovarian Artery and Vein
    • Uterine Tube
      • Ampulla
      • Fimbria
    • Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
    • Cervix, Uterus
    • Fundus, Uterus
    • Body, Uterus
    • Vaginal Artery
    • Uterine Artery and Vein
    • External Os
    • Internal Os
    • Ligament of the Ovary
  • Uterus Layers:
    • Perimetrium
    • Myometrium
    • Endometrium
  • Uterus Parts:
    • Fundus
    • Body
    • Cervix
  • Ovary
  • Broad Ligament
  • Uterine Tube Parts:
    • Infundibulum
    • Isthmus
  • Round Ligament

Female Pelvis Supporting Ligaments

  • Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary (Infundibulopelvic Ligament):
    • Peritoneal passageway for the Ovarian Artery and Vein
  • Ovarian Ligament:
    • Binds the Ovary to the Uterus
    • Remnant of the Gubernaculum
  • Round Ligament of the Uterus:
    • Binds the Uterus to the Anterior Abdominal Wall
    • A Remnant of the Gubernaculum
    • Passes through the Inguinal Canal and attaches to the Labia Majora
  • Broad Ligament of the Uterus:
    • Mesentery that extends from the Uterus and associated structures, binding them to each other and the Pelvic Wall
    • Parts:
      • Mesovarium: Binds Ovary
      • Mesosalpinx: Binds Uterine Tube
      • Mesometrium: Binds the Fundus of the Uterus

Female Pelvis Anatomy

  • Cervix
    • Posterior Fornix
    • Anterior Fornix
  • Rectouterine Pouch “Pouch of Douglas”
  • Uterovesical Pouch
  • Uterus
    • Fundus
    • Body
  • Vaginal Canal
  • Urinary Bladder
    • Base
    • Apex
  • Urogenital Diaphragm
  • Pelvic Diaphragm
  • Urethra

Uterus Review

  • Review the parts of the uterus using a real example.

Female Pelvis Innervation and Blood Supply

  • Ovary
    • Blood Supply:
      • Ovarian arteries arise from the abdominal aorta.
    • Lymphatics:
      • Follows the ovarian arteries and veins to the para-aortic nodes at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebrae.
    • Innervation:
      • Ovarian plexus, accompanying the ovarian vessels.
  • Uterine Tube
  • Uterus
    • Blood Supply:
      • Uterine arteries, from the internal iliac arteries, and ovarian arteries.
    • Lymphatics:
      • From fundus into para-aortic nodes
      • From body and cervix into internal and external iliac lymph nodes
      • From round ligament into inguinal lymph nodes.
    • Innervation:
      • Parasympathetics (S2-S4) and sympathetics (T10-L1) from inferior hypogastric plexus.

Male Urogenital Tract

  • Key Structures:
    • Testicle
    • Epididymis
    • Ductus Deferens
    • Seminal Vesicle
    • Ejaculatory Duct
    • Prostate Gland
    • Bulbourethral Gland
    • Urinary Bladder
    • Median Umbilical Ligament
    • Glans, Penis
    • Shaft, Penis

Male Pelvis Viscera

  • Ductus Deferens
  • Seminal Vesicle
  • Prostate Gland
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Ureter
  • Internal Urethral Orifice

Male Pelvis Innervation and Blood Supply

  • Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles
    • Blood Supply: inferior vesicle and middle rectal arteries
    • Prostatic venous plexus receives the deep dorsal vein of the penis and drains into the internal iliac veins.
    • Lymphatics: internal iliac lymph nodes
    • Innervation: inferior hypogastric plexuses. Sympathetics stimulate ejaculation.
  • Ductus Deferens
    • Blood Supply: deferential arteries, from the superior vesicle arteries
    • Lymphatics: external iliac nodes
    • Function:
      • Seminal vesicles form most of the ejaculate (sucrose + coagulating enzyme) and contract during ejaculation.
      • Prostate gland secretes a highly alkaline based fluid of citric acid and acid phosphatase to neutralize the acidity of the vaginal canal.
    • Function: carries spermatozoa to the seminal vesicles
    • Innervation: inferior hypogastric plexuses.

Common Viscera Between Sexes

  • Urinary Bladder
    • Apex
    • Base
    • Ureteric Orifice
    • Interureteric Ridge
    • Trigone
    • Uvula Vesicae
    • Median Umbilical Ligament
    • Ureter
    • Blood Supply: via superior and inferior vesicle arteries
    • Lymph: drain to the internal and external iliac nodes.
    • Innervation:
      • inferior hypogastric plexus
      • Sympathetics (T11-L2)
      • Parasympathetics (S2-S4)
      • Detrusor muscle
  • Rectum
    • Anal Columns
    • Internal Anal Sphincter
    • External Anal Sphincter
    • Puborectalis
    • Line of Hilton
    • Hemorrhoid
    • Anorectal flexure at the tip of the coccyx
    • Rectosigmoid Junction S3

Rectal Arteries

  • Superior Rectal Artery
  • Inferior Rectal Artery
  • Middle Rectal Artery

Rectum and Anus Innervation

  • Superior Hypogastric Plexus
  • Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
  • Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (preganglionic parasympathetics)
  • Pudendal nerve (somatic motor and sensory)
  • Inferior Rectal Nerves