CPA US U10

and civilians have access to necessary supplies during wartime. Unit 10 test

Key Terms and Events:

1. Rationing – The government-controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, and services to ensure the military had enough supplies.

2. Fascism – A political ideology that emphasizes nationalism, militarism, and dictatorial rule (e.g., Nazi Germany, Mussolini’s Italy).

3. Cash and Carry – A policy that allowed the sale of arms to allies as long as they paid in cash and transported the goods themselves.

4. Isolationist – The belief that the U.S. should stay out of international conflicts and focus on domestic issues.

5. Victory Garden – Home gardens planted to help supplement food supply during WWII.

6. Strategic Materials – Resources essential to war, like rubber, oil, and metal.

7. Interventionist – Someone who supported U.S. involvement in WWII to stop Axis aggression.

8. Sanctions – Economic or political penalties imposed on a country to force compliance (e.g., U.S. sanctions on Japan before Pearl Harbor).

9. Internment – The forced relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Americans in camps during WWII.

10. FDR’s Military Build-Up Before WWII – Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the U.S. military before entering the war in anticipation of future conflicts. Largest peacetime military build-up.

11. Non-Aggression Pact – A 1939 agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to not attack each other; secretly, they agreed to divide Poland.

12. Poland Divided – As part of the Non-Aggression Pact, Germany and the USSR split Poland in 1939.

13. Appeasement – The policy of giving in to Hitler’s demands (e.g., allowing him to take the Sudetenland) to avoid war.

Key Laws and Policies:

14. Neutrality Act – Banned the sale of arms to warring nations to keep the U.S. out of foreign conflicts.

15. Nye Committee Findings – Concluded that U.S. businesses profited from WWI, increasing American opposition to future wars.

16. Lend-Lease Act – Allowed the U.S. to send weapons and supplies to allies like Britain and the USSR without immediate payment.

17. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms – Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear—used to justify support for the Allies.

Major Events Leading to WWII:

18. What brought the U.S. into WWII? – The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

19. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? – The U.S. had imposed economic sanctions, cutting off Japan’s access to vital resources like oil and rubber.

War Efforts & Social Changes:

20. Sunbelt – A region in the Southern and Western U.S. that saw population and industrial growth during WWII.

21. Double V Campaign – A movement by African Americans to fight for victory against fascism abroad and racial injustice at home.

22. Automobile Factories to Military Production – Car factories were repurposed to make tanks, planes, and other wartime equipment.

23. Supreme Court Case Korematsu v. United States – upheld the internment of Japanese Americans as a "military necessity."

pacific Theater:

24. Doolittle Raids – A U.S. air raid on Tokyo in 1942, boosting American morale.

25. Battle of Iwo Jima – A major battle in which U.S. forces captured the island from Japan; famous for the flag-raising photo.

26. Battle of Midway – A turning point in the Pacific War, where the U.S. destroyed much of Japan’s navy. 

European Theater:

27. D-Day (June 6, 1944) – The Allied invasion of Normandy, France, which began the liberation of Western Europe.

28. Battle of the Bulge – The last major German offensive; the Allies ultimately pushed Germany back.

29. Battle of Britain – Germany’s failed attempt to gain air superiority over Britain in 1940.

30. U.S. War Mobilization:

31. How U.S. Factories Helped Mobilization – Converted industries to war production, increasing military output.

32. Navajo Code Talkers – Native American soldiers who used their language to create an unbreakable code.

33. Why Japanese Americans Were Interned – The U.S. government feared they might be spies, despite no evidence.

Allied Conferences & Leadership:

34. Tehran Conference – A meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin where they planned D-Day.

35. FDR’s Four Terms – Roosevelt was elected four times (1932, 1936, 1940, 1944); he died in office in 1945.

36. Island Hopping – The U.S. strategy of capturing key islands to move closer to Japan.

37. Manhattan Project – The secret U.S. program to develop the atomic bomb.

38. Why Truman Ordered the Atomic Bomb – To end the war quickly and avoid a costly invasion of Japan.

39. Impact of WWII on the U.S. Economy – It ended the Great Depression by creating jobs in war industries.

Other Events & Groups:

40. The 1949 MS St. Louis Incident – A ship carrying Jewish refugees was denied entry to Cuba and the U.S., forcing it to return to Nazi Germany.

41. Night Witches – Soviet female pilots who bombed German positions at night.

42. The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion – An all-Black, all-female U.S. Army battalion that managed military mail.

43. General Omar Bradley – A key U.S. general who played a major role in the D-Day invasion.

44. Yalta Conference (1945) – FDR, Churchill, and Stalin discussed post-war Europe, agreeing to divide Germany.

45. Zoot Suit Riots – Clashes in Los Angeles between U.S. servicemen and Mexican American youth wearing zoot suits.

46. Why the U.S. Built Naval Bases on Iwo Jima – To launch attacks closer to Japan and support air raids.

47. Japan’s Surrender Terms – They wanted to keep Emperor Hirohito, but the U.S. insisted on an unconditional surrender.