1a Cells

The cell

• Is the smallest unit of life
• Multicellular organisms may have specialized cells that perform specific functions

Types of living organisms

Prokaryotic Cells

• No nucleus
• Minimal internal cell organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

• Has a nucleus
• Can be single or multicellular
• From amoeba, to animals and plants

Organelles

• The parts of the cell that specialized to allow the cell to survive

Control

Nucleus

• The control center of the cell
• Contains genetic material that direct all cell activities

Nucleolus

• Produces and assemble the cell’s ribosomes
• Senses cellular stress

Nuclear membrane

• Act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Division

Centrioles

• Are present in animal cells but not plant cells
• Used for the animal cells to reproduce.

Energy

Chloroplasts

• Only in plant cells
• Site of photosynthesis

Mitochondria

• Provides the cells with energy, the powerhouse of a cell
• Cellular respiration = changes glucose (C6H12O6) into energy (ATP)

Proteins

Ribosomes

• Makes proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Canals that carry material, such as, protein, throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• Sorts and processes proteins for transport around and out of the cell

Storage & Waste

Vacuole

• Fluid filled sac (water, sugar, minerals, and protein.)
• It stores substances, disposal of substances & maintaining pressure balance

Lysosome

• Responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)
• Cell membrane repairs
• Responds against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens

Structure

Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like or liquid substance
• All organelles and nutrients are suspended and move around in it

Cell membrane

• Gatekeeper
• Semi-permeable membrane controlling movement of materials in & out of cell
• Gives support to the cell