The cell

• Is the smallest unit of life

• Multicellular organisms may have specialized cells that perform specific functions

Types of living organisms

Prokaryotic Cells

• No nucleus

• Minimal internal cell organelles

Eukaryotic Cells

• Has a nucleus

• Can be single or multicellular

• From amoeba, to animals and plants

Organelles

• The parts of the cell that specialized to allow the cell to survive

Control

Nucleus

• The control center of the cell

• Contains genetic material that direct all cell activities

Nucleolus

• Produces and assemble the cell’s ribosomes

• Senses cellular stress

Nuclear membrane

• Act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Division

Centrioles

• Are present in animal cells but not plant cells

• Used for the animal cells to reproduce.

Energy

Chloroplasts

• Only in plant cells

• Site of photosynthesis

Mitochondria

• Provides the cells with energy, the powerhouse of a cell

• Cellular respiration = changes glucose (C6H12O6) into energy (ATP)

Proteins

Ribosomes

• Makes proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Canals that carry material, such as, protein, throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus

• Sorts and processes proteins for transport around and out of the cell

Storage & Waste

Vacuole

• Fluid filled sac (water, sugar, minerals, and protein.)

• It stores substances, disposal of substances & maintaining pressure balance

Lysosome

• Responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

• Cell membrane repairs

• Responds against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens

Structure

Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like or liquid substance

• All organelles and nutrients are suspended and move around in it

Cell membrane

• Gatekeeper

• Semi-permeable membrane controlling movement of materials in & out of cell

• Gives support to the cell