HHD Chapters 1-4 U3

Dimensions of Health and Wellbeing

• Components: Physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual.

• Definition of Disease: A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage.

• Dynamic Nature: Health and wellbeing are continually changing.

Emotional Health and Wellbeing

• Definition: The ability to express feelings appropriately and manage emotional actions and reactions.

• Characteristics: Includes resilience, emotional security, and relaxation in daily life.

Health and Wellbeing

• State of Being: Characterized by a balance where individuals feel happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

• Illness: A subjective concept related to the personal experience of disease or injury, varying person to person.

Mental Health and Wellbeing

• Current State: Relates to the wellbeing of the mind and the ability to think and process information.

• Includes: Thought patterns, self-esteem, and levels of stress and anxiety.

Optimal Health and Wellbeing

• Definition: The highest attainable level of health and wellbeing at any time, considering genetics and environmental factors.

Physical Health and Wellbeing

• Definition: Relates to the state and functioning of the body and its systems.

• Includes: Physical capacity to perform daily activities.

Productivity

• Definition: Efficiency of producing goods and services measured by output per unit of input.

Social Health and Wellbeing

• Definition: The quality of interactions and relationships with others.

• Includes: Adaptability in different social situations.

Spiritual Health and Wellbeing

• Definition: Involves personal ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics; encompasses hope, peace, and reflection.

Subjective and Trends

• Subjective: Influenced by personal beliefs, feelings, or opinions.

• Trends: General changes or movements in particular directions (e.g., obesity rates).

Health Status Indicators

• Health Status: Overall level of health and wellbeing based on indicators like life expectancy, mortality, and morbidity.

• Health Indicators: Standard statistics to measure and compare health status (e.g., life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates).

Burden of Disease

• Definition: Measure of the impact of diseases/injuries; difference between current health status and ideal health.

• Measured in DALYs: Disability-adjusted life years, summing years lost to premature death and years lived with a disability.

Further Health Metrics

• Years Lived with Disability (YLD): Healthy years lost due to disease, injury, or disability.

• Years of Life Lost (YLL): Years of expected life lost due to premature death.

Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

• Definition: Average time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health, without disease/injury effects.

Health Statistics Definition

• Incidence: New cases of a disease in a population over a specific period.

• Infant Mortality: Deaths in children between birth and their first birthday; measured as a rate per 1000 live births.

• Life Expectancy: Average remaining years of life at a particular age if rates stay constant.

• Maternal Mortality: Death of a mother during or shortly after childbirth; measured per 100,000 live births.

• Morbidity: Levels of ill health in individuals/populations; often expressed through incidence and prevalence.

• Mortality: Measures death rates at a population level, often per 100,000.

• Prevalence: Total number of cases of a particular disease/condition in a population at a specific time.

• Self-Assessed Health Status: Individual opinions on their health and life quality.

• Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR): Deaths of children under five per 1000 live births.

Importance of Health and Wellbeing Globally

National Level

• Promotes Sustainability: Helps in maintaining resources for future generations.

• Reduces Risk of Disease Transmission: Helps prevent diseases from spreading between countries.

• Promotes Peace and Stability: Better health leads to more stable societies.

• Increased Social Participation: Healthy individuals are more engaged in their communities.

• Longer, Healthier Lives: Improved health extends life expectancy.

• Health System Savings: Reduced healthcare costs due to a healthier population.

• Promotes Social Development: Fundamental to achieving better quality of life.

• Promotes Economic Development: A healthier workforce is more productive.

• Reduced Stress and Anxiety in the Community: Contributes to overall societal well-being.

Summary of National Impact

• Fewer People on Social Security: Less dependency on government assistance.

• Higher Average Incomes: Healthier populations tend to have better economic outcomes.

• Increased Productivity: A healthier workforce achieves more output.