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Research Methodology and Literature Review

SAN BEDA UNIVERSITY - INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Introduction

  • Institution: San Beda University, Manila

  • Department: Integrated Basic Education Department

  • Significance: Upholding 500 Years of Filipino Catholic Faith and Education

  • Year of Establishment: 1901

Course Overview: Practical Research 2 (PR2)

  • Academic Year: 2023-2024

Unit Outline

Unit 2: Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature

Lesson Structure

Lesson 6: Review of Related Literature and Studies

  • Focus on understanding pertinent research literature for academic work.

Learning Targets

  1. Demonstrate understanding of important elements of Chapter 3.

  2. Describe research setting, ethics, sampling procedure, and the sample.

  3. Construct an instrument and establish its validity and reliability.

  4. Plan data collection procedure, data analysis using statistics, and hypothesis testing.

  5. Present written research methodology.

Chapter Objectives

  • This chapter provides the methods and procedures used in the research study.

  • Purpose of Research Methodology:

    1. Replicate: Enable others to reproduce the research.

    2. Evaluate: Allow assessment of the research's quality and findings.

Essential Components of Chapter 3

Chapter 3 should include:

  1. Introductory Statement: Overview of research intentions and objectives.

  2. Research Design: Framework outlining how the study is structured.

  3. Research Setting: Description of where the research takes place.

  4. Research Subjects: Details about participants or subjects used in the study.

  5. Research Ethics: Considerations for ethical research practices.

  6. Research Instruments: Tools used for data collection.

    • Validation of Instruments: Ensuring tools are measuring correctly.

  7. Data Gathering Procedure: Steps taken to collect data efficiently.

  8. Statistical Treatment: Methods of analyzing data; includes statistical tests.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Definition

  • Literature Review: A systematic process of compiling, classifying, and evaluating existing scholarly work on a specific topic.

Components Using CHIPITS-RC

  • CHIPITS-RC Framework:

    • Context: Background of the study.

    • How (methodology): Methods used in the research.

    • Issues: Main challenges or problems addressed.

    • Population: Group being studied.

    • Instrument: Tools used for measurement.

    • Theory: Theoretical framework guiding the research.

    • Sampling: Method of selecting participants.

    • Results: Findings of the research.

    • Conclusions: Inferences drawn from the results.

Purposes of Reviewing Literature

  1. Builds confidence of the researcher through comprehensive understanding of the studied variables.

  2. Demonstrates the existence of similar studies, providing a foundation for discussion.

  3. Establishes objectivity, allowing readers to see the credibility of research through literature review.

  4. Makes research empirical by grounding it in theoretical frameworks.

Types of Literature Sources

  1. Research Literature: Empirical sources such as scientific papers, theses, and dissertations, published or unpublished, from local and foreign sources.

  2. Conceptual Literature: Non-empirical works, typically from books, relevant but not data-rich.

  3. Gray Literature: Informal sources including magazines, newspapers, and flyers.

Characteristics of Materials to Consider

  1. Materials should be current, no older than 5 to 10 years.

  2. Aim for objective and unbiased sources.

  3. Ensure relevance of materials to the study topic.

  4. Follow the coherence principle in literature review writing.

Sources of Related Literature

  • Recommended Resources Include:

    1. Graduate theses and dissertations

    2. Encyclopedia of Educational Research

    3. Peer-reviewed journals

    4. Articles and books

    5. Reliable internet sites and resources (e.g., e-journals, e-books)

    6. Dictionaries in education or related fields

Steps for Systematic Review of Literature

  1. Clarify the research questions guiding the review.

  2. Plan how to obtain data responsibly.

  3. Use standards to assess which studies or sources are evaluable.

  4. Assess methodological soundness of identified studies.

  5. Summarize findings from various sources coherently.

Elements When Writing a Literature Review

  1. Overview of the subject, issue, or theory under consideration.

  2. Categorization of reviewed works (supporting, opposing, or alternative perspectives).

  3. Explanation of similarities and differences among the works reviewed.

  4. Conclusions regarding the most persuasive pieces.

Tips in Writing the Literature Review

  1. Avoid non-reliable web sources for academic research.

  2. Structure discussion according to stated variables in the SOP.

  3. Describe interrelationships between the researched works.

  4. Identify new interpretations and gaps in previous research.

  5. Resolve conflicts in previous studies.

  6. Prevent duplication in scholarly efforts.

  7. Direct towards avenues for further research.

  8. Contextualize personal research within existing literature.

Identification of Related Studies

A study is related when:

  1. It utilizes the same variables and concepts.

  2. It matches the same subject or research topic.

Organizing Related Research Literature (RRLs)

Organization Methods:

  1. Chronological Organization: Presenting literature based on publication dates, useful for tracking research development.

  2. Thematic Organization: Grouping by topics or issues rather than by chronology, useful when comparing different concepts.

Chapter Summary

  1. Gathering related literature is crucial for clarifying research variables and concepts, reducing vagueness in the study.

  2. Helps identify significant variables, their sub-variables, and indicators.

  3. An overview of the subject and objectives of the literature review should be included.

  4. Use online sources judiciously and recognize the contributions each work makes in understanding the subject of review.

  5. Establish relationships among works under consideration.

Conclusion

  • The literature review is foundational in developing a significant, structured, and credible research study.

Assessments

  • Quiz 2.2: Coverage on Lesson 6, focusing on the content discussed regarding literature review processes.

Concluding Note

  • Engage in continual reflection on the work and ensure thorough understanding and application of knowledge gained from the review process.

Acknowledgments

  • Thank you for your attention and participation. Stay safe!

  • St. Bede - San Beda University, 1901, Manila