Environmental Science

Overview of AP Environmental Science

• AP Environmental Science focuses on the interactions between Earth's systems and human systems.

• The course emphasizes understanding the pressures of human population growth on the planet, currently exceeding 7 billion.

Course Structure

• Initial Focus: Begin with the Earth, transition through living systems, and examine human populations.

• Key Topics: Land and water use, energy, pollution, and climate change.

• Scientific Practices: Understanding the scientific method and environmental science as distinct from environmentalism, which is more about advocacy.

Importance of Sustainability

• Concept of Limits: Understanding the boundaries of Earth's resources is critical; exceeding these can lead to societal collapse, illustrated by the historical example of Easter Island.

• Key Figure: Rachel Carson highlighted environmental issues, particularly through her book "Silent Spring," which examined the effects of DDT on ecosystems.

Planetary Boundaries

• The model created by Johan Rockstrom points out various threats to Earth, including:

  • Climate change

  • Ocean acidification

  • Ozone depletion

  • Biodiversity loss

• Human activity is moving beyond safe planetary boundaries, risking a potential sixth mass extinction.

Role of Economy in Sustainability

• Economic Framework: Solutions for sustainability need an economic basis rather than being purely altruistic.

• Ecological Footprint: Resources consumed are disproportionate between developed and developing nations, further stressing the planet.

Course Integration of Disciplines

• AP Environmental Science is not limited to natural sciences; it also incorporates social sciences and humanities, including ethics and politics.

Scientific Practices and Case Studies

• Students must engage as environmental scientists, asking questions and conducting investigations.

• Example Investigation: Assessing water quality over time in local environments.

• Case Study Highlight: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill illustrates long-lasting environmental impacts.

AP Exam Overview

• Format:

  • Section 1: 100 multiple choice questions (90 minutes).

  • Section 2: Free response, including:

    • Data set analysis

    • Document-based question (frequently using the fictional city of Fremont).

• Mathematics: Familiarity with scientific calculations, including dimensional analysis and scientific notation, is essential, as calculators are not allowed on the exam.