Classification and Food Chains Flashcards

Species and Hybrids

Learning Intention

• Explain what is meant by a species.

Success Criteria

• Expected: Explain what is meant by a species and give examples.

• Above expectation: Explain what is meant by a hybrid and give examples.

• Far exceeding expectation: Understand and explain that referring to species is a way of grouping organisms based on their characteristics.

What is a Species?

• A group of similar characteristic organisms that are able to reproduce fertile offspring.

Definition of Species

• A species is a group of organisms with the same characteristics that can breed with each other and produce fertile offspring.

Hybrids

• A hybrid is the offspring of two different species that are able to reproduce but produce infertile offspring.

Horses, Donkeys, and Mules

• Horse: Equus caballus

• Donkey: Equus asinus

• Mule: Offspring of a female horse and a male donkey; mules are infertile.

Taxonomy and Vertebrate Groups

Learning Intention

• Explore the taxonomy hierarchy and different vertebrate groups.

Success Criteria

• Expected: State the 7 levels in the taxonomic hierarchy and understand that a vertebrate is an animal with a backbone.

• Above expectation: Recall the seven classes of vertebrate and classify a range of vertebrates using the information provided.

• Far exceeding expectation: State a few examples of invertebrates.

Taxonomy Hierarchy

Traits for Classification

• Size, shape, diet, habitat, and offspring.

Person that Made the System to Organise Living Things

• Carl Linnaeus.

Taxonomy Hierarchy (Broadest to Most Specific)

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

• Mneumonic Device: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup).

Dog's Taxon

• Kingdom: Animalia

• Phylum: Chordata

• Class: Mammalia

• Order: Carnivora

• Family: Canidae

• Genus: Canis

• Species: Canis Lupus

Cat's Taxon

• Kingdom: Animalia

• Phylum: Chordata

• Class: Mammalia

• Order: Carnivora

• Family: Felidae

• Genus: Felis

• Species: Catus

Scientific Names

• Binomial (Genus + Species).1. Italicized if typed or underlined if written.

  2. Genus is always capitalized.

  3. Species is never capitalized.

• Example: Ursus arctos (typed) or underlined Ursus arctos (written)

• Tiger: Panthera tigris

Definitions

• Vertebrates: Organisms with a backbone.

• Invertebrates: Organisms without a backbone.

Vertebrates

Mammals

• Features: Mammary glands (produce milk), fur or hair, give birth to live young (except platypus), warm-blooded.

Birds

• Features: Feathers, wings (flightless bird examples: penguin, ostriches, kiwi bird).

Reptiles

• Features: Dry scales, lay leathery eggs, cold-blooded.

Amphibians

• Features: Moist skin, lay jelly-coated eggs, cold-blooded.

Fish

• Features: Scales, fins, lay jelly-coated eggs.

Invertebrates (Arthropods)

Insects

• Features: 6 legs, have antennae, 3 body parts.

Arachnids

• Features: 8 legs, no antennae, 2 body parts.

Plants

Fern

• Reproduce through spores.

Flowering Plants

• Reproduce through flowers and seeds.

Dichotomous Keys

Learning Intention

• Explore the taxonomy hierarchy and different vertebrate groups.

Success Criteria

• Expected: Understand what classification is and use a dichotomous key to classify a group of objects.

• Above expectation: Use a dichotomous key to correctly identify a group of objects classified by someone else.

• Far exceeding expectation: Use information from primary and secondary sources to decide which pieces of information are appropriate to use to construct a dichotomous key.

Dichotomous Key

• A simple identification key.

• Sort/group organisms based on the picture

• Online Worksheet: https://www.liveworksheets.com/ho1567848ah

Food Chains and Energy

Learning Intention

• Describe a food chain as an energy chain.

Success Criteria

• Expected: Know that all energy in a food chain comes from the sun.

• Above expectation: Suggest why the biomass of each trophic level is lower than the one below.

• Far exceeding expectation: Construct food webs with all trophic levels.

Source of Energy

• Sun (light energy).

Trophic Levels

• A trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain or food web.

Food Chain Examples

1. Flower --> Caterpillar --> Bird

2. Acorns ---> Mouse ---> Snake ---> Hawk

3. Algae ---> Small fish ---> Big Fish ---> Dolphin

4. Flower ---> Insect ---> Small fish ---> Big fish ---> Seagull

5. Plant ---> Grasshopper ---> Lizard ---> Eagle ---> mushrooms (fungi)

6. Plankton ---> Fish ---> Jellyfish ---> Turtle ---> Shark ---> Bacteria repeat

7. Plankton ---> Mussel ---> Small Fish ---> Big Fish ---> Human

8. Leaf --> Caterpillar --> Bird

Trophic Levels

- Food chain has Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, and Tertiary Consumer.