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GENERAL PHYSICS

Measurement is a quantitative description of a fundamental properties such as length, mass, time,
force, weight, volume, temperature luminous intensity, etc.

English System or British Engineering System was first used in England and it is also known as FPS system (foot, pound, second). This is a product of creative measurement using objects and human body parts as measuring devices.

Metric System was originated from France in 1791 by the French Academy of Science. It was based on a new unit of length metre derived from the Greek work metron which means measure. International System of Measurement (SI) is the modernized version of it. It was fully adopted in the Philippines on January 1, 1983 under the Batas Pambansa No. 8 due to it convenience and accuracy to use because it uses decimal or base-10 system.

Fundamental Quantities are basic measurable and independent physical quantities.

  1. length - metre (m)
  2. mass - kilogram (kg)
  3. time - second (s)
  4. temperature - kelvin (K)
  5. electric current - ampere (A)
  6. luminous intensity - candela (cd)
  7. amount of substance - mole (mol)

Derived Quantities are combination of fundamental quantities. These cannot be measure directly but can
be calculated in Physical Science.

  1. area
  2. volume
  3. density
  4. velocity
  5. acceleration
  6. force

Significant Figures are numerical values in a measurement that are known with certainty. They include all
the digits precisely known plus an estimated last digit.

Scientific Notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers.

Scalar Quantities are quantities are measured with numbers and units. Examples of scalars are
distance, length, speed, time, mass, temperature and energy.

Vector Quantities are quantities which require both magnitude and direction for their complete description. Displacement, velocity, acceleration and force are examples of vectors.

A vector quantity is represented by an arrow called vector

  1. Arrowhead- indicates direction
  2. Length of the arrow- indicates magnitude
  3. Tail- represents point of origin

Reference Frame pertains to a coordinate system or sets of axes within which is used to measure the
position, orientation and other properties of an object in it.

Vectors that add together are called component vectors while the sum of component vectors is called
resultant R. The process of finding the effective value of a component vector in a given direction is
called the resolution of vectors.

Speed is the rate of change of distance in the direction of travel. Speedometers in cars measure speed.

\n Velocity is a rate of change of displacement and has both magnitude and direction.

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Kinematics is a branch of Physics that describes the quantitative description of motion such as the rate at which the particles are moving (velocity) and the rate at which their velocity is changing (acceleration).

Motion is the change of position with respect to a certain reference point. It is an object’s displacement in
accordance to objects that are considered to be stationary.

Rectilinear or Translatory motion is the motion of a body along a straight line. It is the most basic of all
motion. A ball thrown straight upward and falling back straight down is an example of it.

Acceleration measures the rate of change in velocity. When a body’s velocity increases, it is said that the body accelerates. On the other hand, when a body’s velocity decreases, it is said that the body decelerates. When a body’s acceleration is constant, it is said to be in uniformly accelerated motion.

Free Fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only acceleration acting upon it. It is up or down
motion.