medical conditions
OCD-
Definition: A condition characterized by intrusive, unwanted, and uncontrollable thoughts or obsession that result in behaviors or compulsions
Treatment:
-CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
○ -Medications- serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)
-Neurosurgery(extreme cases)
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-
Definition: A rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance, and eye movements, often leading to progressive difficulty in speech and swallowing. Like Parkinson’s but more serve and progressive
Symptoms: loss of balance/ eye movement difficulty/ judgement/ speech difficulties
Treatment: no know cure
Dysarthria-
Definition: A speech disorder resulting from weakness in the muscles used for speech production, which can lead to slurred or slow speech and difficulties in articulation.
Types: Spastic- upper motor neurons/ harsh speech
Flaccid - lower motor neurons / soft, breathy speech
Ataxic - cerebellar damage / irregular speech patterns
hyperkinetic- basal ganglia disorders / excessive, uncontrolled movements in speech.
hypokinetic- substantia nigra/ slow speech
mixed- multiple areas/ multiple symptoms
Cause- genetic/ injury/ birth
treatment- medications, therapy, lifestyle changes.
Risk- ALS/ MS/ Parkinson’s/ stroke/ brain injury
Cerebral Palsy-
Definition: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that affect movement and coordination, resulting from abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain.
Types-
Diplegic- two limbs
monoplegic- one limb
quadriplegic- 4 limbs
hemiplegic- one side of body
Treatment : No cure
Risk: premature birth/ maternal substance abuse/ labor complications
Dysphasia-
Definition: difficulty swallowing
Types-
oropharyngeal dysphasia - trouble starting a swallow
Esophageal dysphagia - food feels stuck
Risk- elderly/ stroke/ parkinson’s / ALS/ MS/ cancer/ acid reflux
treatment- therapy/ diet changes/ medications/ surgical interventions to improve swallowing ability or reduce symptoms.
Celiac disease-
Definition: immune system attacking small intestine
Symptoms- Different for children and adult
treatment- life long strict gluten free diet
Multiple Sclerosis-
Definition: Immune system attacks myelin / the protective sheath and the cells that produce the sheath
Symptoms: Fatigue/ numbness/ muscle spasms/ blurred vison
Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome
Definition: Brain disorder associated with chronic alcohol abuse
causes- lack of vitamin B1 / chronic alcoholism
symptoms: false memories/ delirium/ fatigue/ gait/ double vision
Risk: alcoholic/ men over 40
non-alcoholic men more than women 30-70
treatment: no cure
Type 2 Diabetes
definition: pancreas produces insulin, body cells become resistant to effects. leading to the pancreas not creating enough insulin to control blood sugar levels.
Risk: factors include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history, and age, which can significantly increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
symptoms: polyuria/ polydipsia/ fatigue/ blurred vision/ weight loss
Treatment: lifestyle changes/ insulin injections/ manageable/ ozepmic/ metformin
Alzheimer’s
Definition: brain disorder causing memories/ confusion/ cognitive decline
risk: geriatric population/ family history/ females
Treatments: no cure/ medication/ nutritional support
Chrons Disease
definition: Crohn's Disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract, leading to severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and malnutrition.
Manage: balanced diet/ medication/ surgery
preventative: stop smoking/ sunlight/ healthy gut
areas affected: digestive tract/ small intestines
Myasthenia Gravis
Definition: autoimmune disease dues to degeneration of nerve connection to muscles
symptoms: ptosis/ diplopia/ fatigue/ weakness/ facial expression changes
early indicators: ptosis/ diplopia
Treatment: no cure
Prevention: reduce stress/ good rest/ avoid hot weather/ stay active
Maple syrup urine disease
Risk: genetics/ 25% the child will have it/ 50% of being a carrier
symptom: maple-syrup odor in urine and swear
treatment: liver transplant / restricted diet with little to not protein
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
definition: genetic disorder affecting teeth/ bones/ skull/ face/ spine / collarbones and legs
symptoms: absence of collarbones
Risk : genetic condition
treatment: prosthetic replacements
Raynauds Disease
definition: A condition that affects blood flow to certain parts of the body, often triggered by cold temperatures or stress, leading to episodes of reduced blood flow.
symptoms: extremities turn white
Risk: family history/ 15-30/ women/ occupation
Avascular Necrosis
Definition: death of bone tissue due to ;ack of blook supply to the joint/ bone
symptom: joint pain/ stiff joints/ limited range of motion
treatment: NSAIDS/ surgery / will not heal over time
cause: injury or joint damage
risk: ages 30-50
IBS
medication: laxatives/ fiber/ stool softeners/ antidiarrheal med
symptoms: cramps/ stress/ anxiety/ discomfort/ bloating/ vomiting/ constipation/ nausea
risk: women
Pagets disease
definition: condition that disrupts the normal cycle of bone renewal, resulting in new bone growing faster than the older bone can break down
symptoms: bone pain/ bone deformities/ irregular arthritis/ break down of cartilage/ arthritis
risk: age 40+ / family history / increase in alkaline phosphatase levels / prior fractures / being male.
Spina bifida
definition: defect of neural tube / Occurs when the spinal cord and vertebrae don’t properly close during utero.
symptoms: urinary incontinence/ paralysis of legs/ birthmark/ protrusion of lower back
diagnosed: before of after birth
treatment: non curable
Osteosarcoma
definition: form of cancer that starts in the bone forming cells, typically long bones
symptoms: joint pain/ swelling/ breaking of bone/ bone pain
treatment: chemo/ amputation/ surgery
risk: males/ family history/ growth spurts/ tall children
Osteoarthritis
Definition: degenerative joint disease. cartilage in a specific joint deteriorates causing bone to bone.
symptoms: limited ROM/ tenderness/ increased pain/ joint stiffness and swelling
treatments: PT/ weight loss/ avoidance of high activity/ meds/ surgery
risk: overweight/ older/ high activity occupations/ family history
Osteomyelitis
Types: acute- infection spreads to bone // chronic- infection not fully cured ad comes back later
if not treated on time, it can cause bone damage, persistent infection, or it can lead to amputation
symptoms: bone pain/ fever/ tiredness
treatment: antibiotics/ antifungals / pain relievers
Muscular dystrophy
definition: progressive degeneration and weakening of skeletal muscles
symptoms: immobility/ fay build up / clumsiness
treatment: gene therapy/ antibiotics/ PT/ corticosteroids
Type 1 diabetes
definition: prevents pancreas from creating insulin
risk: 4-6/ 10-14 / non-hispanic white / family history
symptoms: increased urination/ excessive thirst/ weight loss/ fatigue/ blurred vision.
Avascular Necrosis
definition: refers to the death of a bone due to lack of blood supply
commonly found in hip
osteonecrosis
can not be seen from outside of body
symptoms: pain in joints / little to no pain/ hip pains near the groin area/ stiffness/ body aches
TMJ
definition: Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) refers to a group of conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, leading to discomfort and functional issues.
difference between TMD and TMJ: TMD are the disorders affecting the joint/ TMJ is the joint itself
Risk: elderly/ trauma to the head or neck
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
definition: CVA commonly known as a stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting the necessary oxygen and nutrients.
three types
ischemic - blockage
hemorrhagic- bleeding
atherosclerosis- plaque build up
Risk: family history / lifestyle
FAST- Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services.
treatment: rehab/ angioplasty/ thrombectomy/ blood transfusion
prevention: healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.