Untitled Flashcards Set

Mollusk Anatomy- Muscular foot (locomotion)- Mantle (secretes shell)- Visceral mass (organs)- Radula (feeding structure, not in bivalves)- Shell (external, varies by species) Sponge Anatomy- No true tissues or organs- Pores (ostia) for water intake- Central cavity (spongocoel)- Collar cells (choanocytes) for feeding- Osculum (water exit) Shark vs Lamprey Feature | Shark | Lamprey--------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------- Skeleton | Cartilaginous | Cartilaginous (jawless) Jaws | Present | Absent Scales | Placoid scales | None Fins | Paired | Unpaired Reproduction | Internal fertilization | External fertilization Hexapod (Insect) Anatomy- 3 body regions: head, thorax, abdomen- 6 legs (on thorax)- Typically 2 pairs of wings- 1 pair of antennae- Compound eyes Centipedes- Not annelids - they're arthropods (Myriapoda) Lab Practical Study Guide- 1 pair of legs per segment- Carnivorous- Flattened body with segmented appearance Reptile Group Comparisons Group | Traits---------- | --------------------------------------- Crocodiles | 4-chambered heart, closest to birds Turtles | Bony shell, no teeth Snakes | No limbs, forked tongue, no eyelids Lizards | Legs, external ears, eyelids Closely Related Pairs:- Snakes & Lizards (Order: Squamata)- Birds & Crocodiles (Archosaurs) Phylogenetic Relationships- Chordates' closest relatives: Echinoderms, not mollusks Bird Flight Adaptations- Hollow bones- Strong flight muscles (attached to keel)- Feathers- High metabolic rate- Air sacs for efficient respiration Polyp vs Medusa (Cnidarian Forms) Feature | Polyp | Medusa-------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------- Shape | Cylindrical, upright | Bell-shaped, free-swimming Movement | Sessile | Motile Mouth | Faces upward | Faces downward Examples | Hydra, coral | Jellyfish Crop and Gizzard Comparison Animal | Crop (Storage) | Gizzard (Grinding)------ | -------------- | ---------------------------- Bird | Yes | Yes, muscular, uses grit Worm | Yes | Yes, uses soil particles Development: Blastulation & Gastrulation- Blastulation: Formation of a hollow ball of cells (blastula)- Gastrulation: Cells migrate inward to form three germ layers: - Ectoderm - Mesoderm - Endoderm Incomplete Metamorphosis - Example: Grasshopper Lab Practical Study Guide- Life stages: Egg -> Nymph -> Adult- No pupal stage Free Response Prep Be ready to compare: Amphibians vs Reptiles:- Amphibians need water for eggs- Reptiles have amniotic eggs Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids (see worm table above) Mammals:- Hair- Mammary glands- Diaphragm- Endotherm