SSS Review

1. Federalist Party - wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade.

2. Democratic-Republican Party - Its members, called Republicans, wanted to limit the federal government’s power.

3. XYZ affair - the French demand for a $250,000 bribe. The French government also wanted a loan of $12 million. The bribe outraged the American public.

4. Alien and Sedition Acts - These laws were said to protect the United States, but the Federalists intended them to crush opposition to war. The most controversial of these laws was the Sedition Act, which forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government. This canceled basic protections of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

5. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - these documents argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They stated that the federal government could not pass these acts because they interfered with state government.

6. Louisiana Purchase - more than doubled the size of the United States. Purchased for $15 million during the Jefferson administration. 

7. Marbury v. Madison - This case helped establish the Supreme Court’s power to check the power of the other branches of government. 

8. Judicial review - the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

9. Non-Intercourse Act - This new law banned trade only with Britain, France, and their colonies. It also stated that the United States would resume trading with the first side that stopped violating U.S. neutrality.

10. Tecumseh - a Shawnee chief, had watched angrily as Native Americans were pushed off their land. He warned other American Indians about the dangers they faced from settlers. He worked tirelessly to unite Native Americans against settlers.

11. The War of 1812 - a conflict between the United States and Great Britain that lasted from 1812 to 1815. It was fought over trade, impressment, and control of North America. 

12. Treaty of Fort Jackson - signed late in 1814, ended the Creek War and forced the Creek to give up millions of acres of their land.

13. The Battle of New Orleans - made Andrew Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the War of 1812. Fought on January 8, 1815…after the Treaty of Ghent, which had been signed in Belgium on December 24, 1814.

14. Adams-Onís Treaty - which settled all border disputes between Spain and the United States. Spain agreed to give Florida to the United States. In return, the United States gave up its claims to what is now Texas and agreed to pay up to $5 million of U.S. citizens’ claims against Spain. 

15. Nationalism - is a feeling of pride and loyalty to a nation. It is the belief that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional interests or the interests of other countries.

16. Era of Good Feelings - from 1817 to 1825. During this time, the economy grew rapidly, and a spirit of nationalism and optimism prevailed.

17. The Monroe Doctrine - had four basic points. 1. The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations. 2. The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, European colonies that already existed in North and South America. 3. The Western Hemisphere was to be off-limits to future colonization by any foreign power. 4. The United States would consider any European power’s attempt to colonize or interfere with nations in the Western Hemisphere to be a hostile act.

18. American System - Established by Henry Clay, this was a series of measures intended to make the United States economically self-sufficient. 1. Establish a protective tariff, a tax on imported goods that would protect American businesses from foreign competition. 2. Establish a national bank that would promote a single currency, making trade easier. 3. Improve the country’s transportation systems; pave roads, build canals, etc.

19. Sectionalism - is loyalty to the interests of one region of a country over the interests of the country as a whole.

Missouri Compromise - which settled the conflict that had arisen from Missouri’s application for statehood. This compromise had three main conditions: 1. Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state. 2. Maine would join the Union as a free state, keeping the number of slave and free states equal. 3. Slavery would be prohibited in any new territories or states formed north of 36°30' latitude—Missouri’s southern border.