Unit 8 Govt

Civil liberties - Basic freedoms to think and act that all people have

Civil rights - Fair and equal status and treatment

Due Process Clause - Forbids states and local governments from passing laws that “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process”

Establishment Clause - Prohibits establishment  of religion

Free Exercise Clause - Prohibits interference by government

Probable cause - Can’t arrest without reason, must think person is reasonably guilty (required for a warrant)

Exclusionary rule - Evidence obtained illegally can’t be used in court

Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Forbid racial discrimination in public places and hiring process

Civil Rights Act 1968 - Forbid racial discrimination in realestate

Afirmative Action -  Policy to afford preferential treatment to minorities to rectify current and past problems

Democracy must allow - Freedom of expression

Civil liberties and Civil Rights - People have the rights to live freely as long as they don’t infringe upon other’s rights

Government has regulated assembly to - Protect against violence and endangerment

6th Amendment - Impartial Jury, Right to confront and obtain witnesses, and Right to an attorney

Civil Rights - Equal protection clause of 14th Amendment

Types of discrimination - Race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, age, and handicapped

13th Amendment Types - Ended Slavery

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Defined inaccessible environment as discriminatory

American with Disabilities Act 1990 - Protects against employment, public service, and facilities discrimination based on mental and physical disabilities

Symbolic Speech - Freedom of Speech is not absolute

Engel v. Vitale - Public schools can’t sponsor prayer at school related events

HR of OR v. Smith - One’s religious belief does not excuse one from compliance  with all other laws

Schenk v. US - Seditious speech. “Clear and present danger”

TX v. Johnson - The key case for protection symbolic speech for the 1st Amendment

Mapp v. OH - The case involved Dollree Mapp, who was convicted for possessing obscene materials that police found during an illegal search of her home

Miranda v. Arizona - Established the requirement for law enforcement to inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before interrogation

Gideon v. Wainwright - Established the right to counsel for indigent defendants in felony cases

Furman v. GA - The Court ruled that the way the death penalty was being applied, and by extension other states, constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments

Roe v. Wade - Violated woman’s right to privacy and control over her body, fetus “not a person”, varying regulations, and states allowed to outlaw abortion in 3rd trimester

Scott v. Sanford - Slaves could not be citizens, were inferior, and considered property

Plessy v. Ferguson - Separate but equal doctrine

Brown v. Topeka BOE - Supreme Court reversed Plessy v. Ferguson ruling; separate schools inherently unequal