AI Women's health

Hormone responsible for ovulation: Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Hormone that inhibits FSH secretion and what cells produce it: Inhibin; produced by granulosa cells

Definition of folliculogenesis: Development of ovarian follicles from primordial to mature follicle

What cell type secretes hCG: Syncytiotrophoblast

What helps with expulsion of fetus: Uterine contractions and the Valsalva maneuver

What stage of human development does implantation occur: Pre-embryonic stage (around day 7)

Where is relaxin produced: Corpus luteum and placenta

What gland is responsible for lubricating and mucus production during sex: Greater vestibular glands

Source of progesterone and estrogen during last 7 months of pregnancy: Placenta

Gonadotropins – what part of brain produces what: Hypothalamus produces GnRH; anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH

Corpus luteum – what it is and what hormones it produces: Temporary endocrine gland that forms after ovulation; produces estrogen and progesterone

Difference between prolactin and oxytocin: Prolactin stimulates milk production; oxytocin stimulates milk ejection

What tunica albuginea is and what it consists of: Dense connective tissue capsule surrounding the ovary

Progesterone’s significance on the uterus: Builds and maintains the uterine lining for implantation

What is menarche: The first menstrual cycle (~age 11–12)

Precocious puberty: Puberty occurring at an unusually early age

Hormone that is the basis of pregnancy diagnosis: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

What tissues are involved in reacting to prolactin: Mammary gland alveoli and ducts

Most significant cause of hemorrhoids during pregnancy: Compression of pelvic veins and slowed intestinal motility

Secretory units on mammary glands that produce milk: Alveoli

Normal function of uterine tubes: Transport oocyte to uterus; site of fertilization

Femur derived from (endo/meso/ectoderm): Mesoderm

True labor definition: Regular, strong uterine contractions with cervical dilation and effacement

Day implantation typically occurs: Around day 7 post-fertilization

Neurulation/development of nervous system occurs from: Ectoderm

Gastrulation results in formation of: The three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

What is implantation: The embedding of the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium

Order of structures sperm penetrates during fertilization: Corona radiata → Zona pellucida → Plasma membrane

External os of cervix: Inferior opening of cervix into vagina

Uterus functions: Implantation, nourish embryo/fetus, expel fetus at birth, menstruation

Structures of uterine tube and functions:
 - Infundibulum: captures oocyte with fimbriae
 - Ampulla: site of fertilization
 - Isthmus: narrow segment leading to uterus
 - Uterine part: penetrates uterine wall

Type of oocyte follicle found in female infants: Primordial follicle

Embryologic development of external/internal genitalia: Female development occurs in absence of SRY gene

Hormone secreted by placenta that darkens linea alba: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Labor feedback mechanism: Positive feedback loop (oxytocin → uterine contractions → more oxytocin)

Structure where nutrients and wastes are exchanged between mother and fetus: Chorionic villi of the placenta

Hormones involved during labor: Estrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandins

Respiratory system changes during pregnancy: Increased respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption; elevated diaphragm

What stops ovarian follicle development during pregnancy: High levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit FSH and LH

Fingerlike structures of placenta from fetal portion: Chorionic villi

Structure important for early blood cell formation: Yolk sac

Thin membrane that secretes fluid to bathe embryo: Amnion

Layer of uterine wall sloughed off in menstruation: Functional layer of the endometrium

Anterior border of perineum: Pubic symphysis

Most primitive type of ovarian follicle: Primordial follicle

Type of follicle that contains a secondary oocyte: Mature (Graafian) follicle