Recording-2025-03-26T01:05:04

Exam Overview

Key Terms and Concepts

• Kansas-Nebraska Act:

  • Passed in the 1850s.

  • Significant cause of the Civil War.

  • Introduced the concept of popular sovereignty allowing territories to decide on slavery.

  • Lead to Bleeding Kansas.

• Nullification Crisis:

  • Occurred in the late 1820s to early 1830s.

  • South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariffs, claiming they were unconstitutional.

  • Resulted in President Jackson threatening military enforcement, seen as a precursor to the Civil War.

• Harpers Ferry Raid:

  • Led by John Brown in the late 1850s to incite a slave insurrection.

  • It failed, John Brown was executed and became a martyr in the North; villain in the South.

• Lowell Mill:

  • Early 19th-century textile mills in Massachusetts.

  • Significant for employing working-class women and leading to successful wage strikes.

• Fort Sumter:

  • First battle of the Civil War in 1861.

  • Marked increased secession of border states joining the Confederacy.

• Friedman's Bureau:

  • Established in 1865 to help formerly enslaved individuals and poor whites.

  • Initially focused on providing food; later expanded to education.

  • Faced underfunding and political opposition, particularly from Andrew Johnson.

• Gag Rule:

  • Enforced in the 1830s to prevent discussion of slavery in Congress.

  • Resulted from increasing petitions to end slavery, showing its contentious nature.

• 10% Plan:

  • Proposed by Lincoln during the Civil War in 1863.

  • States could rejoin the Union if 10% of their voters pledged loyalty.

  • Not enacted; opposed by Radical Republicans who sought stricter measures.

• King Cotton:

  • Refers to cotton's dominance in the southern economy during the 19th century.

  • Major factor in the South's economy and the underpinning of slavery.

• Bleeding Kansas:

  • Violent conflict in Kansas in the mid-1850s over the issue of slavery resulting from the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

  • Involved fraudulent voting and clashes between pro and anti-slavery forces.

• Dred Scott Decision:

  • Supreme Court case in the 1850s where Dred Scott, a slave, was denied his freedom.

  • Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not regulate slavery in the territories.

• Election of 1876:

  • Controversial election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden, leading to the end of Reconstruction.

  • Compromise that removed federal troops from the South.

  • Hayes' presidency is noted for lack of significant action.

• Seneca Falls Convention:

  • First women's rights convention held in 1848.

  • Key figures: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

  • Focused on women's rights, particularly voting and property rights.

• Black Codes:

  • Laws passed in Southern states post-Civil War to restrict African American freedom and economic rights.

  • 14th Amendment was partly a response to these laws ensuring citizenship rights.

• Wounded Knee Massacre:

  • 1890 massacre of Lakota by U.S. Cavalry due to fear of the Ghost Dance movement.

  • Marked a tragic end to many Native American traditions and noted the start of new policies aimed at assimilation.

• Dawes Act (1887):

  • Aimed at breaking up tribes and encouraging individual land ownership.

  • Resulted in significant loss of Native land and further systemic oppression.

  • Led to deep discontent and loss of indigenous identity.

• The Fifteenth Amendment (1870)

  • weak amendment that had loopholes which kept African American men from voting

  • was not close until the civil rights movement

• Battle of Gettysburg

  • Lee took the Confederacy into the North again

  • Bloodiest battle of the Civil war

  • Union victory and Lee lost 25,000 soldiers

• Emancipation proclamation

  • announced on Sept 22, 1863

  • Only freed slaves from those who were a part of the CSA

• Indian Removal

  • First major political view in Jackson’s presidency

  • Advised native people to emigrate west where their safety could be guaranteed

  • Indian removal act in 1830 authorizes the president to negotiate and oversee the transfer of native groups remaining to west of Mississippi

• Missouri Compromise 1820

  • biggest domestic challenge, facing James Monroe

  • 11 free and 11 slave states

  • Legislation introduced in Missouri to which congress debated morality around slavery- passed but senate refused to take it up. To which slavery is not allowed north of the 36’30 line.

• Homestead Act 1862

  • Abraham Lincoln signed legislation to distribute public land

  • 270 million acres or 10% of the area in the US was claimed

• Transcontinental Railroad

  • railroads connecting the Missouri river and Pacific coast in 1862

• Battle of Little Big Horn

  • 7th Calvary unit confronted thousands of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors on June 25, 1876.

  • Lt. Colonel Custer and his men stood no chance and was defeated.

  • This was a fight for control of western territory.

• Curtis Act 1897

  • enabled Oklahoma to be admitted as a state in 1907

  • To make native no longer a part of their tribal

• Freedman’s Bureau

  • bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands, established in 1865 by congress

  • To help Black slaves and poor whites in the south in aftermath of the Civil War