Chrisitians had lost Jerusalem to the Seljuk Turks (Muslims) as well as Iberia (Spain) and Sicilly

Conflict between the Pope and kings were happen before this and in about 1000 CE changes start to happen in Chrisitanity

Crusaders were able to get Sicilly back in the 11th century and capture the capital of Iberia, Lisben back and regained Portugal

Reconquista - Christians only control Catalonia then take back Lisben then Spain

By 1095 the Muslim world was becoming decentralized and territories splitting

Charlemagne went on pilgrimage to Jerusalmem and Pope Urban the 2nd received a letter in 1095 from the Byzantine emperor Alexus the first for help and had a council meeting with them and the Pope ended up having a "call to arms in the name of God” starting the Holy War

The Holy War united Christians from Byzantine emprie are western Europe to fight in the name of God by giving them a common enemy of the Muslims instead of fighting each other. Most of these people were poorer (peasants and servents - illiterate). The Pope called the Holy War to increase the position of the West and wanted to catapult Western Roman Church against Eastern orthodox.

When you die in a Holy War you go directly to heaven and if you were a sinner and killed someone in the Holy War that was Muslim it was believed you would go to heaven

The Crusaders only one the first Crusade out of 8

After the Pope made the call to arms it took a year for the Crusaders to get from France to Constantinople and the rich people didn't leave the terriotry to fight

Crusaders took over Nicea in 1097 and stop in Syria to take over Antioch and decapitated the Muslims. Finally made it to Jerusalem in 1099 and win the 1st Crusade after a month long siege. Blood was left in the name of God in Jerusalmem. The Crusaders ended up starying and ran out of food and were forced to eat dogs, rats, and fecal matter.

Kerak Castle - Stronghold of the Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem

Leprocy - Affects skin and nerves causing skin sores (especially during Crusade times)

1187 Muslims recapture the holy land Saldin becomes Muslim leader and fights the Crusaders off in the 3rd Crusade

8 Papal Crusades led by the Pope:

Second Crusade (1146-1148) Crusaders never reach Jerusalem, Third Crusade (1189-1192) involved 3 major kings Fredrick Barbarassa, Richard the Lionheart, and Philip Augustus the second, Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) sacked Constantinople and looted pillaged and stole gold, Fifth Crusade (1217-1221), Sixth Crusade (1228), Seventh Crusade (1248-1254), Eighth Crusade (1270-1291)

There was a children's Crusade which failed miserably and the Crusades destroyed relationship between Muslims and Christians

Saladin:

• Was a Kurdish leader born in Iraq he becomes Sultan in Egypt and was a very compassionate leader

• When Renald murdered his sister he brought wrath by killing him

• He used the jihad to bring Muslims together to defend themselves and fight for Allah

• He allows Chrisitians back into holy land after taking it over

• After he died he had no money left because he gave it all away while he was still alive

• When he learned King Richard the Lionheart was sick before battle he had his own physicians help heal him before fighting him

Renald was a crazy, physco, fanatical killer

Pogroms - First systematic attack on Jews killed Jewish people jsut for being Jewish and Anti-semitism started in German and Polish land. Jews were forbidden to hold public office and have Christian servents

Effects of the Crusades: Bad and Good

Bad:

• Destroyed relationship between Christians and Muslims

• 4th Crusade crushed relationship between the Eastern Orthodox Chrisitians and Western Roman Catholics

• Jews relationship is destroyed with Christians because they attacked Jewish villages especially in Germany (Jews weren't part of the feudal system they were bankers because they didn't use the usury system like Christians so they were wealthy and they lended money to kings and nobles with charging interest

Good:

• Europe was exposed to Middle Eastern technology, science, astronomy, medicine, and math (arabic numerals), paper production from China, classics from Rome and Greece, sugar, spices, coffee, silk, cotton, carpets, and these help develop age of exploration