Western Civ Q3 Exam Study Guide

Industrial Revolution

1. The most important transportation development during the Industrial Revolution was

railroads.

2. The Industrial Revolution led to Cities grew rapidly (Effect on urbanization).

3. One major negative impact of industrialization was _Poor working conditions in

factories.

4. The First Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain__ (Country).

5. The _ James Hargreaves (Person) invented the Spinning Jenny, a key invention in the textile industry.

6. The main source of power during the First Industrial Revolution was _steam.

7. The steam engine impacted transportation by It led to the development of railroads and steamships_.

8. The factory system that emerged during the Industrial Revolution centralized machines

and workers in large buildings.

Concert of Europe

1. The main purpose of the Concert of Europe was to maintain the balance of power

and prevent major wars.

2. The Concert of Europe was created after the Napoleonic Wars (Major event).

3. The original members of the Concert of Europe were Great Britain, Russia, Prussia,

and Austria

4. The war that marked the decline of the Concert of Europe was the Crimean War

5. One major factor that contributed to the weakening of the Concert of Europe was The

unification of the Italian states followed by the unification of Germany

German Unification

1. The Prussian leader most responsible for German unification was Otto Von Bismarck

2. Prussia fought against Denmark in the Danish War to assert dominance over

German-speaking territories.

3. The outcome of the Austro-Prussian War was Prussia defeated Austria and gained

control over northern Germany.

4. The Franco-Prussian_ (war)led directly to the unification of Germany.

5. Bismarck manipulated France into declaring war by sending the Ems Dispatch

6. Wilhelm I became the first Kaiser of unified Germany.

7. The phrase most associated with Bismarck’s strategy is Blood and Iron.

8. Bismarck’s Realpolitik aimed to unite Germany through diplomacy, war, and

manipulation

9. The Astro-Prussian War was fought between Prussia and Austria.

10. The German Empire was officially declared in Versailles.

Italian Unification

1. The most powerful Italian state that led the unification movement was

Piedmont-Sardinia.

2. The Prime Minister who played a key role in Italian unification was Cavour

3. The revolutionary leader who led the "Red Shirts" in southern Italy was Garibaldi

4. Before unification, much of northern Italy was controlled by Austria

5. The final region to join unified Italy in 1870 was the Papal States

6. The first King of unified Italy was Emmanuel II.

7. In 1860, Garibaldi contributed to unification by leading a military campaign to conquer southern Italy.

8. Garibaldi and his Red Shirts first conquered Sicily.

9. The last territory to join Italy was the Papal States.

10. Name the people who were part of the unification process in Italy Cavour, Giribaldi,

Emmanuel II

Imperialism

One major impact of the White Man’s Burden ideology Justification for European

colonization of Africa and Asia

What did Social Darwinism influence European imperialism and colonization.

Definition of Social Darwinism: The application of Darwin’s ideas of survival of the fittest to human societies

The poem White Man’s Burden suggested that Western nations had a duty to civilize

non-Western peoples

Author of "The White Man’s Burden" was Rudyard Kipling

World War I

The primary cause of rising tensions in Europe before World War I was MAIN.

The "Powder Keg of Europe" referred to tensions in the Balkan States.

The immediate cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdidnand

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gravrilo Princip.

Britain entered World War I to defend Belgium’s Neutrality

The first country to declare war in World War I was Austria-Hungary.

The "Blank Check" issued by Germany meant Austria had Germany’s unconditional

support..

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia because Serbia refused to agree to Austria’s

ultimatum.

Russia mobilized its army in 1914 to protect Serbia

Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality resulted in Great Britain declaring war on Germany.

A major effect of militarism before World War I was Nations engaged in an arms race to build stronger militaries

The ideology that contributed to ethnic tensions before the war was nationalism.

The Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.

The Allied Powers included Great Britain, Russia, France, later the US.

Britain declared war on Germany after the invasion of Belgium

Trench warfare was characterized by Stalemates and high casualties in dug-out defensive positions.

The primary reason the U.S. entered World War I was The Zimmermann Telegram and

unrestricted submarine warfare.

The sinking of the Lusitania impacted the war by turning US public opinion against Germany.

New military technologies introduced in World War I included Tanks, machine guns, and poison gas.

U-boats played a significant role by helping Germany blockade Britain helping Germany blockade Britain

One of the biggest challenges faced by soldiers in the trenches was Disease and poor living conditions.

President Woodrow Wilson’s peace proposal was called 14 Points

Germany’s punishment under the Treaty of Versailles included Germany was forced to pay reparations and accept blame for the war

The international organization created after World War I to maintain peace was League of Nations

The Zimmermann Telegram was significant because It proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S.

Russia exited World War I in 1917 due to the Russian Revolution.

After World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was split into several countries.

Nationalism was a cause of World War I because groups of people with the same culture and language wanted to live together in the same countries.