1. person perception: the process by
which individuals form impressions,
judgments, and evaluations of other
people based on their characteristics,
behavior, and social cues
2. attribution theory: a psychological
framework that focuses on how
individuals explain the causes of
behavior, events, and outcomes
3. dispositional attribution: explaining
behavior in terms of personal
characteristics or dispositions (such as
personality traits, abilities, or intentions)
4. situational attribution: attributing
behavior to situational or environmental
factors (such as luck, task difficulty, or
situational constraints)
5. explanatory style: an individual's
habitual way of explaining the causes of
events, outcomes, and experiences in
their life
6. actor/observer bias: differences in
attributions made by actors (individuals
engaging in behavior) versus observers
(individuals observing the behavior of
others)
7. fundamental attribution error: when
individuals tend to overemphasize the
role of personal factors (internal
attributions) and underestimate the
impact of situational factors (external
attributions) when explaining the
behavior of others
8. self-serving bias: a cognitive tendency
where individuals attribute their
successes to internal factors (such as
their own abilities or efforts) and their
failures to external factors (such as luck
or external circumstances)
9. internal locus of control: believing
you have control over your own life and
the outcomes you experience
10. external locus of control: believing
that external factors, such as luck, fate,
or other people have the most influence
over the events and outcomes in your
life
11. mere exposure effect: the
phenomenon that repeated exposure to
the novel stimuli increases favorable
feelings toward the stimuli
12. self-fulfilling prophecy: when a
person’s expectations unconsciously
affect their actions and therefore the
outcome of a situation
13. social comparison: the process by
which individuals evaluate their own
abilities, achievements, attitudes, and
other characteristics by comparing
themselves to others
14. upward social comparison: when
individuals compare themselves to
others who are perceived to be better
off or more competent in some way
15. downward social comparison: when
individuals compare themselves to
others who are perceived to be worse
off or less competent
16. relative deprivation: the feeling of
dissatisfaction or discontent that arises
when individuals or groups perceive
that they are worse off compared to
others
7.2 Attitude Formation & Attitude Change
17. attitude: a way of thinking or feeling
about someone or something that is
reflected in a person's behavior
18. stereotype: a widely held, fixed, and
oversimplified belief or idea about a
particular type of person or group
19. prejudice: a negative attitude or feeling
toward individuals or groups based on
their membership in a particular social
category,
20. discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial
treatment of individuals or groups
based on their membership in a
particular social category
21. implicit attitudes: automatic and
unconscious evaluations or preferences
that individuals hold toward certain
people, groups, objects, or concepts
22. just-world phenomenon: to believe
that the world is fundamentally fair and
that people generally get what they
deserve
23. out-of-group homogeneity bias: the
tendency for individuals to perceive
members of groups to which they do
not belong (out-groups) as more similar
to each other than members of their
own group (in-group)
24. in-group bias: when individuals tend to
favor members of their own group (the
in-group) over members of other groups
(out-groups)
25. ethnocentrism: the practice of
regarding one’s own ethnic, racial, or
social group as the center of all things
26. belief perseverance: the tendency for
individuals to cling to their initial beliefs
or opinions even in the face of
contradictory evidence or information
that suggests they may be incorrect
27. cognitive dissonance: a discrepancy
between actions and attitudes
Knowt
Note
Studied by 17702 people
