World War 1 Notes

Map of Europe 1914 🌍🗺

• Triple Entente 🤝:

  • Britain 🇬🇧, Italy 🇮🇹 (later), Russia 🇷🇺, Romania 🇷🇴, Serbia 🇷🇸, Albania 🇦🇱, Greece 🇬🇷, Belgium 🇧🇪, Portugal 🇵🇹

• Triple Alliance 🤝:

  • Germany 🇩🇪, Austria-Hungary 🇦🇹, Turkey 🇹🇷, Bulgaria 🇧🇬, Italy 🇮🇹 (at the start)

Direct Causes of the War ⚔

• M.A.I.N.:

  • Militarism 💣

  • Alliances 🤝

  • Imperialism 🌍

  • Nationalism 🇫🇷🇩🇪

• Spark of the War 💥:

  • Sarajevo June 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand 👑 (Austrian heir) killed by Gavrilo Princip (Bosnian Serb) along with his wife.

  • Austrian Demand 🇦🇹: Condemn anti-Austria-Hungary propaganda, take responsibility, and give up land.

The Schlieffen Plan 📜 (1905)

• Aim of the Plan 🎯: Quick attack on France 🇫🇷, take it in 6 weeks via Belgium 🇧🇪

• Why it Failed 🚫: Belgium fought back! 💥

• Effect on the War ⚔: Germany 🇩🇪 had to fight on two fronts, making things harder. 😞

Why Did Canadians Initially Enlist? 🇨🇦

• False Glory vs. Reality 🌟: Wanted to be heroes, thought the war would be quick, and enjoyed the idea of traveling ✈. Had to face war’s harsh realities. 😓

• Enlistment Trends 📊:

  • 1914-1918: Many volunteered, but it declined; Conscription started in 1917.

• Valcartier Camp 🏕:

  • Location: Quebec 🇨🇦

  • Objective: Train soldiers for war.

  • Sam Hughes: Minister of Militia and Defence; asked for men 18-45 to enlist.

Weaponry of WWI ⚒

• Bayonet 🗡: Sword attached to a firearm.

• Artillery 💥: Heavy guns.

• Big Bertha 💣: German large siege gun.

• Chlorine Gas 🟩: Used first at the 2nd Battle of Ypres.

• Zeppelin 🛸: Gas-filled German airship.

Major Battles ⚔

• 2nd Battle of Ypres

• Battle of the Somme 💥: First use of tanks 🚗.

• Vimy Ridge ⛰

• Passchendaele 💦

• Canada’s 100 Days 🇨🇦💥

War on the Sea 🌊

• Merchant Marine 🚢

• Convoy System 🚢: Ships traveling in groups for protection.

War in the Air ✈

• British Royal Flying Corps 🏴‍☠

• Royal Canadian Air Force 🇨🇦✈

• Terms:

  • Flying Coffins ☠

  • Ace 🏆

  • Dogfight 🐶

  • Zeppelin 🛸

End of the War Legacy 🌍

• Paris Peace Conference 🕊

• Treaty of Versailles 📜

• How Many Die? 💔

• How Many Went Overseas? 🌍

Pilots 👨‍✈👩‍✈

• Manfred von Richthofen (Red Baron) 👑

• Billy Bishop 🎖

Homefront 🏠

• How Did Canada Pay for the War? 💰

  • Victory Loans 💸

  • Income Tax 💵

  • War Savings Stamps 🏅

• Women & the War 👩‍⚖👩‍🔬: Women worked in industry 🏭, supported the War Measures Act 📜.

• Politics 🗳:

  • 1917 Federal Election: Women got the right to vote!

  • Sir Robert Borden: Prime Minister.

  • Union Government: Strategy to gain votes.

  • Military Service Act: Conscription.

  • Wartime Elections Act: Gave women with relatives in the military the vote.

Halifax Explosion 💥

• Damage: Massive explosion in Halifax.

• Relations: Affected Canada/US relations.

• Mi'kmaq Settlement and Africville: Communities impacted.

Wartime Prejudice 🚫

• Indigenous Canadians 🧑‍🤝‍🧑

• African Canadians 🌍

• Enemy Aliens: Internment of Ukrainians 🇺🇦.

Trench Warfare 🕳

• Conditions: Mud, rats, lice, trench foot, etc. 🐀💦

• Strategy: Soldiers used trenches to protect from enemy fire.

• Common Problems:

  • Lice 🪲

  • Trench foot 🦶

• Terminology:

  • Parapet: Protective wall in the trench.

  • Fire-step: Step for soldiers to stand while firing.

  • Sap: Small trench for surprise attacks.

  • Dugout: Shelters in trenches.

  • Over the Top: Charging out of trenches.

  • No Man's Land: Dangerous area between trenches.

Was 1917 a Decisive Year of the War? 📅

• The Final Push 💥:

  • German Final Offensive

  • Canada’s 100 Days

  • Paris Conference 🕊

  • Treaty of Versailles 📜

After the War 🕊

• Legacy / Lasting Impact 🌍: Economic, social, and cultural changes.

• Worksheet: “After the war legacy” 📄

Additional Terms/Names 📝

• Ukrainian Internment 🇺🇦

• Salisbury Plain 🏞

• Zimmerman Telegram 📱

• Ross Rifle 🛠

• Lusitania 🚢

• Dreadnaught ⚓

• Creeping Barrage 💣

• Black Hand 🖤

• Suffrage ✊

• Francis Pegahmagabow 🏅

Legislation 📜

• Military Service Act 💣

• Wartime Elections Act 🗳

• War Measures Act ⚖

• Military Voters Act 📝

Let me know if you'd like more details on any specific topic! 😊

You said:

can you keep it but define anything that doesnt have a defitnition

ChatGPT said:

Certainly! I'll add definitions for any terms that don't have one yet, while keeping the emojis to make it fun and engaging! 😊

Map of Europe 1914 🌍🗺

• Triple Entente 🤝:

  • Britain 🇬🇧, Italy 🇮🇹 (later), Russia 🇷🇺, Romania 🇷🇴, Serbia 🇷🇸, Albania 🇦🇱, Greece 🇬🇷, Belgium 🇧🇪, Portugal 🇵🇹

• Triple Alliance 🤝:

  • Germany 🇩🇪, Austria-Hungary 🇦🇹, Turkey 🇹🇷, Bulgaria 🇧🇬, Italy 🇮🇹 (at the start)

Direct Causes of the War ⚔

• M.A.I.N.:

  • Militarism 💣: Building up strong military forces in preparation for war.

  • Alliances 🤝: Agreements between countries to support each other in case of conflict.

  • Imperialism 🌍: The desire to expand a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

  • Nationalism 🇫🇷🇩🇪: A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one's own nation, often leading to competition or conflict.

• Spark of the War 💥:

  • Sarajevo June 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand 👑 (Austrian heir) killed by Gavrilo Princip (Bosnian Serb) along with his wife.

  • Austrian Demand 🇦🇹: Condemn anti-Austria-Hungary propaganda, take responsibility, and give up land.

The Schlieffen Plan 📜 (1905)

• Aim of the Plan 🎯: Quick attack on France 🇫🇷, take it in 6 weeks via Belgium 🇧🇪

• Why it Failed 🚫: Belgium fought back! 💥

• Effect on the War ⚔: Germany 🇩🇪 had to fight on two fronts, making things harder. 😞

Why Did Canadians Initially Enlist? 🇨🇦

• False Glory vs. Reality 🌟: Wanted to be heroes, thought the war would be quick, and enjoyed the idea of traveling ✈. Had to face war’s harsh realities. 😓

• Enlistment Trends 📊:

  • 1914-1918: Many volunteered, but it declined; Conscription started in 1917.

• Valcartier Camp 🏕:

  • Location: Quebec 🇨🇦

  • Objective: Train soldiers for war.

  • Sam Hughes: Minister of Militia and Defence; asked for men 18-45 to enlist.

Weaponry of WWI ⚒

• Bayonet 🗡: A sword attached to the end of a firearm to be used in close combat.

• Artillery 💥: Large, powerful guns used to fire shells at long distances.

• Big Bertha 💣: A huge German siege gun used in the war.

• Chlorine Gas 🟩: A toxic gas used for the first time in battle during the 2nd Battle of Ypres, causing suffocation and severe damage to lungs.

• Zeppelin 🛸: A large, rigid airship filled with gas, used by Germany for bombing and reconnaissance.

Major Battles ⚔

• 2nd Battle of Ypres: The second major battle in the area of Ypres, where chlorine gas was first used.

• Battle of the Somme 💥: A famous battle where the first tanks 🚗 were used to break through enemy lines.

• Vimy Ridge ⛰: A key battle where Canadian troops took control of a strategic hill in France, considered a defining moment for Canada.

• Passchendaele 💦: A battle known for its terrible mud and high casualties.

• Canada’s 100 Days 🇨🇦💥: The final period of the war where Canadian troops played a crucial role in pushing back German forces, contributing to the end of the war.

War on the Sea 🌊

• Merchant Marine 🚢: Commercial ships that transported goods and supplies, often targeted in wartime.

• Convoy System 🚢: A military strategy where groups of ships traveled together for mutual protection against attacks, particularly from submarines.

War in the Air ✈

• British Royal Flying Corps 🏴‍☠: The air force of Britain during WWI.

• Royal Canadian Air Force 🇨🇦✈: The air force of Canada during WWI.

• Terms:

  • Flying Coffins ☠: Nickname for early planes, which were often unsafe and prone to crashes.

  • Ace 🏆: A fighter pilot credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft.

  • Dogfight 🐶: A close combat between fighter planes in the air.

  • Zeppelin 🛸: Large German airships used in bombing raids.

End of the War Legacy 🌍

• Paris Peace Conference 🕊: A meeting of Allied powers in 1919 to negotiate peace and set the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

• Treaty of Versailles 📜: The peace treaty that officially ended WWI, placing heavy penalties on Germany.

• How Many Die? 💔: Millions of soldiers and civilians died as a result of the war.

• How Many Went Overseas? 🌍: Hundreds of thousands of Canadians served overseas in WWI.

Pilots 👨‍✈👩‍✈

• Manfred von Richthofen (Red Baron) 👑: A German fighter pilot, considered the most successful ace of WWI, with 80 confirmed kills.

• Billy Bishop 🎖: A Canadian flying ace with 72 kills, one of Canada's most famous pilots during WWI.

Homefront 🏠

• How Did Canada Pay for the War? 💰

  • Victory Loans 💸: Loans offered to Canadians to fund the war effort.

  • Income Tax 💵: A tax imposed by the government to help pay for the war.

  • War Savings Stamps 🏅: Stamps sold to encourage people to save money and support the war.

• Women & the War 👩‍⚖👩‍🔬: Women took on roles in factories, as nurses, and supported the War Measures Act 📜.

• Politics 🗳:

  • 1917 Federal Election: Women gained the right to vote, especially those with relatives serving in the military.

  • Sir Robert Borden: Prime Minister of Canada during WWI.

  • Union Government: A coalition government formed during WWI.

  • Military Service Act: A law that introduced conscription (compulsory military service).

  • Wartime Elections Act: Allowed women with relatives in the military to vote.

Halifax Explosion 💥

• Damage: The explosion caused massive destruction in Halifax, Nova Scotia, killing over 2,000 people and injuring thousands more.

• Relations: The explosion had a major impact on Canada/US relations, especially in terms of disaster response.

• Mi'kmaq Settlement and Africville: Both communities were affected by the explosion and its aftermath.

Wartime Prejudice 🚫

• Indigenous Canadians 🧑‍🤝‍🧑: Indigenous peoples faced discrimination and were often treated unfairly during and after the war.

• African Canadians 🌍: African Canadians also faced prejudice, particularly when trying to enlist in the military.

• Enemy Aliens: Internment of people from enemy countries, particularly Ukrainians 🇺🇦, who were seen as a threat.

Trench Warfare 🕳

• Conditions: Trench warfare was characterized by unsanitary conditions, constant danger, and suffering. Soldiers dealt with mud, rats, lice, and disease.

• Strategy: Soldiers used trenches as protection from enemy fire, often attacking in waves.

• Common Problems:

  • Lice 🪲: Small insects that infested soldiers' clothing.

  • Trench foot 🦶: A painful condition caused by standing in cold, wet conditions for too long.

• Terminology:

  • Parapet: A protective wall in the trench.

  • Fire-step: A raised platform in the trench used to fire at the enemy.

  • Sap: A trench used to approach the enemy without being seen.

  • Dugout: Underground shelters in trenches to protect soldiers from enemy fire.

  • Over the Top: A command to charge out of the trenches and attack the enemy.

  • No Man's Land: The dangerous area between enemy trenches, often full of barbed wire and land mines.

Was 1917 a Decisive Year of the War? 📅

• The Final Push 💥:

  • German Final Offensive: Germany launched a series of attacks in the spring of 1918 but was ultimately repelled.

  • Canada’s 100 Days: A series of offensives led by Canadian forces that helped push Germany back and bring the war to an end.

  • Paris Conference 🕊: World leaders met to discuss the peace treaty.

  • Treaty of Versailles 📜: The treaty that officially ended the war.

After the War 🕊

• Legacy / Lasting Impact 🌍: WWI had long-lasting effects on global politics, the economy, and society.

• Worksheet: “After the war legacy” 📄

Additional Terms/Names 📝

• Ukrainian Internment 🇺🇦: The forced relocation and imprisonment of Ukrainian Canadians during the war.

• Salisbury Plain 🏞: A training ground in England where Canadian troops prepared for war.

• Zimmerman Telegram 📱: A secret German communication that proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the US.

• Ross Rifle 🛠: A Canadian-made rifle used by soldiers but often unreliable in battle.

• Lusitania 🚢: A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, contributing to the US joining the war.

• Dreadnaught ⚓: A class of heavily armed warships built by Britain that revolutionized naval warfare.

• Creeping Barrage 💣: A military tactic in which artillery fire moves forward, closely followed by infantry troops.

• Black Hand 🖤: A secret Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

• Suffrage ✊: The right to vote.

• Francis Pegahmagabow 🏅: A Canadian Indigenous soldier known for his bravery in battle, particularly in WWI.

Legislation 📜

• Military Service Act 💣: The act that introduced conscription in Canada.

• Wartime Elections Act 🗳: A law that allowed women with relatives in the military to vote.

• War Measures Act ⚖: Gave the Canadian government powers to manage wartime, including censorship and controlling the economy.

• Military Voters Act 📝: Allowed soldiers serving overseas to vote in federal elections.