ap lang

Easy Definitions of Rhetorical Devices

• Ethos – Credibility/trust: The author shows they are trustworthy or an expert.

  “As a doctor with 20 years of experience...”

• Pathos – Emotion: The author tries to make you feel something (sad, angry, proud).

  “Think of the children suffering every day...”

• Logos – Logic/reason: The author uses facts, data, or logical thinking.

  “According to a study by Harvard...”

• Diction – Word choice: The specific words the author uses to create tone or emotion.

  Formal vs. informal, positive vs. negative words.

• Syntax – Sentence structure: How sentences are arranged (long, short, broken, etc.).

  “Why wait? Act now!” (short, urgent)

• Tone – Author’s attitude: How the author feels about the topic (serious, sarcastic, hopeful, etc.).

  Look at word choice and sentence style to figure this out.

• Juxtaposition – Side-by-side contrast: Two opposite ideas placed near each other.

  “She was a beast in battle, but a saint at home.”

• Repetition – Saying something again: Used to emphasize an idea.

  “We shall fight... we shall fight... we shall never surrender.”

  How to Explain Rhetorical Devices Simply in Essays?

  Use this formula:

  The author uses [device] to [effect/purpose], which helps [main point or audience reaction].

  How to Write a Line of Reasoning

  • Start with a clear thesis Use topic sentences that each support your thesis Explain how each example proves your point Make sure each paragraph flows logically into the next

What Does Synthesize / Synthesis Mean?

• Definition: To combine different sources and your own thinking to make a clear argument.

example rhetorical analysis essay: Thesis: The author uses repetition, tone, and imagery to persuade the audience to take action.
Paragraph 1: Repetition emphasizes urgency
Paragraph 2: Tone creates emotional pressure
Paragraph 3: Imagery paints a vivid picture of the problem
→ All build toward the goal of convincing readers to act