age of jefferson

1. Nationalism – Birth of American nationalism__ ; 1^st time we see ourselves = to Europe

-ex: U.S. is like Freshman after Rev War (new on scene, don’t know much); AFTER War of 1812 they feel like Seniors (big dogs on campus)

-U.S. doesn’t need Europe to manufacturer goods anymore (doing it themselves)

2. Era of Good Feelings – Time of prosperity, ___nationalism ___ , and 1 political party rule

Washington Irving – American Nationalist writers; gives America a sense of identity

James Cooper

Washington Irving-Author, diplomat. Wrote The Sketch Book, which included "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." He was the first American to be recognized in England (and elsewhere) as a writer.

3. American System (1816) – Proposed by henry clay__ to include 3 things:

1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements

-Protective Tariffs = promote Amer manufacturing and also raise revenue w/ which to  … 

-Internal Improvements = build a national transportation system of federally constructed roads & canals

-National Bank = keep the system running smoothly by providing a national currency

(tariffs benefit East / improvements benefit growth in West & South / bank aids economies of all)

nowhere in Constitution can you allocate $ for roads/canals

Monroe continuously vetoed acts of Congress for funding = states made own improvements usually 

-return to Federalism (Federalist ideas: strong national gov’t / national bank)

-population in East & West supported; population in South despised

= why should a Georgian or South Carolinian taxes go to a canal being built in NY

-argument from Old Republicans HATED!! = signing away our soul!   / against TJ principles 

-argument from supports = we need to modernize & grow!

4. Tariff of 1816 – (mildly protective; first protective tariff in history)

Drives up prices to support Northern ___manufacturers ___

-“Trade War” aka “Tariff War” v. Europe/Britain = keep bring tariffs up against each other to promote products w/in borders

-on WB show what a Trade War/Tariff War looks like

-North = Pro-Tariff    /       South = Anti-Tariff  ((this tariff is the opposite???))

(the South sells less goods to Britain & pays higher costs from manufactured goods from the North)

(South lost profit while paying extra)

-explain cycle: more products being bought by consumers = more need for companies/product = more stores = more workers = more pay = more $ circulating in the economy

5. Internal Improvements – Building of roads & canals throughout country; paid by ___fedral___ government

- (incl. Nat Road MD-ILL)  (***Erie Canal***)

-Is anybody going DTS this summer? How would you get there? ANSWER = federal road!

-explain public use/transportation of canals, bridges, tunnels, roads

6. Second Bank of the U.S. – Rechartered in 1816; set up common ___currency __; hated by “old” Republicans

-passed by Madison & supported by Monroe

-support & financing $ for War of 1812 was difficult

Panic of 1819 -2^nd B.U.S. tightened credit and failed to control inflation 

=state banks closed / value of $ deflated / large increases of unemployment / bankruptcies / imprisonment over debt

-West hit hardest = speculators placed many ppl in debt

-B.U.S. foreclosed large amounts of western farmland

-West = changed many political views = they wanted land reform / opposition to B.U.S. and debtors’ prison

*begins to split the Dem-Rep party along sectional lines: (West = Dem; Northeast/East = Nat-Rep)

7. Henry Clay – 1. Kentucky politician 2. Speaker of the House

3. Known as the “___compromiser ___” 4. Proposed the American System

5. Proposed the Missouri Compromise

-Ask class: Would you rather be loved, feared, or in the middle?

-explain H. Clay was always in the middle, had a lot of friends, but no “best friends” to put him over the hump

-the most important politician in U.S. history who DOES NOT become president

=very close to Hamilton’s principles

-“New” Republicans = kept B.U.S. / large army & navy = very close to Federalists ideas

8. John C. Calhoun – 1. S.C. politician 2. Known as the “__great nulitfier _”

3. Supported States rights 4. Flip-flop politician

-originally FOR the American System; later backtracks and goes against it

-originally a War Hawk and Nationalist THEN becomes leading champion of states’ rights

-V.P. to JQA AND Jackson (complete different thinking politicians)

- basically told Jackson his state would not follow all National laws

-complete 180 degree turn in politics in a short time span

-Jackson quoted: "My only two regrets in life are that I did not hang Calhoun and shoot Clay".

(Clay corrupt bargain w/ JQA & Calhoun almost secede S.C. in Nullification Crisis)

Daniel Webster – 

1. Massachusetts Senator

2. Known as the “Great Orator”

3. Nationalist (for: American System & Monroe Doctrine)

9.  Fletcher v. Peck (1810) – a) Contracts are ___sacred __; state can’t void contracts, even illegal ones

b) 1^st time a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid

(Marbury v. Madison = federal law)

-that’s why you read the fine print ladies & gentlemen

-gov’t cannot legislate way out of a contract

-cannot pass laws to nullify a contract

10. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) - Protected the rights of business interests & upholds privte propetry _ rights 

-Dartmouth College wanted to go from privately charted college to public institution = succeeded

11. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – a) “Power to Tax is the Power to Destroy” = John Marshall; 

b) Maryland cannot ___tax___ National Bank out of existence due to National Supremacy 

-Maryland passes law that taxes any currency that isn’t a Maryland Bank

-John Marshal quote & Federal Law always over State Law

Ex:-what are 2 things that the gov’t doesn’t want people to do so it is heavily taxed?

Answer: cigarettes and alcohol

Q: Why?? A: Gov’t  trying to tax it so much that people will no longer purchase it 

Cohens v. Virginia (1821) – Supreme Court can review a state court’s decision involving any powers of the federal government

12. Gibbons v. Ogden (1821) – Greatly expands commerce clause and gives the gov’t the right to ___regulate_  ANY trade between states

-Q: Is a ferry between Weehawken N.J. and NYC interstate commerce?-

Q: What currently is distributed between states lines? A: Radio / TV

-only thing that isn’t is MLB = no profit sharing AND no salary caps

13. Missouri Compromise (1820) – proposed by Henry Clay

1.Enters into the Union ___2 states___ at a time (1 free & 1 slave)
2. Maine = Free & Missouri = Slave

3. Anything north of 36°30′ = Free; anything south of 36°30′ = Slave (for Louisiana Territory)

4. (36°30′) = Missouri’s southern border)

5. All previous states are unaffected 

-Q: What to do with all the new territory acquired from the Louisiana Purchase?

-1^st time there is a distinction on slave territory

-Lincoln - “A house divided against itself cannot stand” 

-set up to be a permanent solution to the slavery question = it is not

14. 1^st Seminole War (1816-1818) – 

1. War by Jackson which gives U.S. control of Western florida after series of border attacks

2. Spain agrees to give up Eastern Florida

-claimed slaves were escaping to Florida, using Spanish protection, and raiding villages across the border

-JAX walks into Florida & takes it w/out Monroe’s permission

-JQA convinces Monroe it was necessary

15. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – (Florida Purchase Treaty) (Transcontinental Treaty)

-Spain gets $5 million from U.S. for all of ___florida__  & its claims to Oregon Territory

-U.S. gives up territorial claims of Texas to Spain

John Quincy Adams (JQA) - Secretary of State under Monroe who

1. Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 (U.S. & Canada fixed order @ 49^th parallel) & disarmament of Great Lakes

2. Convention of 1818 (share Oregon Territory w/ Britain @ 54^th parallel for 10 years) ((takes 20))

3. Adams-Onis treaty (1819) (Transcontinental Treaty)

4. Writer of the Monroe Doctrine

5. Wins the Election of 1824 to become 6^th pres = known as Corrupt Bargain election

16. Monroe Doctrine (1823) – 

T/Q: What is a foreign policy?

1. Written by JQA

2. first real American foreign policy

3. ends ___conloniztion__ in Western Hemisphere

“as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”

-warning to Europe that they can’t colonize anymore

-if Europe was already here, then that is OK

-in Europe = return to monarchies (France, Prussia, Austria) and old monarchies (Russia)

-considered helping Spain return to power in South America

-Britain wanted co-stance w/ America = JQA convinces Monroe to did it alone

-Britain annoyed b/c it applies to them as well

-other countries back down b/c British navy would maintain the American policy

Ex: Roosevelt Corollary = U.S. has the right to intervene in any South American country

Ex: Bush Doctrine = hunt down terroritst and any nation who harbors them

17. Corrupt Bargain – an illegal ___deal___ between politicians 

a. 4 men run as president (all as Democratic-Republicans) … hint .. Caucus system breaking down)

i. JQA – current Sec of State (Massachusetts) iii. Andrew Jackson – TN senator

ii. Henry Clay – current Speaker O House (KY) iv. W. Crawford – current Sec O Treasury (VA)

b. Crawford suffers stroke = basically drops out

c. JAX has most popular and electoral votes … but no majority = House of Representatives to break tie (12^th Amendment)

d. Clay & JQA make a deal = JQA wins & Clay is Sec O State