The Roaring Twenties: A decade characterized by economic prosperity, cultural dynamism, and social change.

Jazz Age: A period marked by the popularity of jazz music, which became the era's soundtrack, influencing dance and culture.

Warren G. Harding was the 1^st President of the 1920’s. After World War I. His campaign slogan/promise was “A Return to Normalcy”

The scandal associated with Warren G. Harding’s presidency was known as the Teapot Dome Scandal.

Teapot Dome Scandal. The government set aside oil-rich “public” land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. Secretary of Interior Albert Fall secretly leased the land to two oil companies, receiving $400,000 from them and a felony conviction from the courts. This was one of the biggest scandals in U.S. History.

The Ohio Gang. President Hoarding’s friends from Ohio held high-level positions in government.

The Ohio Gang. Charles R. Forbes sold veteran medical supplies from veteran hospitals and kept the $$$’s.

The Ohio Gang. Attorney General Harry Daugherty took bribes from German agents who wanted to buy German businesses that the U.S. government had confiscated during the Red Scare.

Foreign Policy. Kellogg-Brand Pact outlawed war and agreed to settle all disputes peacefully.

Foreign Policy. The Dawes Plan solved the problem of post-war debt by providing loans to Germany to pay France and Britain who then could pay the U.S.

Calvin Coolidge became the president after the death of Warren G Harding. Coolidge believed in the laissez-faire theory that government should not interfere with business.

Calvin Coolidge was given the nickname “Silent Cal”  because he distanced himself from the Harding scandal by not commenting at all. His motto was: “The Business of the American People is Business.

Fordney-McCumber Act 1922 raised tariffs on American goods being bought from overseas.

Smoot Hawley Tariff Act raised import duties to protect American businbusinessesFarmers. It hurt American farmers because Europe stopped buying their products. This was the beginning of the Great Depression.

The Washington Conference on Naval Disarmament.

Purpose: To discuss Naval Disarmament.

Action: Placed a 10-year halt on the construction of new warships

Result: Define Five Power Naval Limitation Treaty – Italy/France/Britain/USA agree to 10yr. Halt on the construction of warships.

Result: Define Nine Power Treaty – Agree to respect China’s independence; Continuation of the Open-door Policy.

Result: Define Kellogg-Briand Pact – An agreement among nations to renounce war as an instrument of national policy, reflecting the desire for peace following the devastation of World War I.

Supply-Side Economics. Lower taxes, consumers spend extra money, when they spend more money, the economy grows and we get wealthier.

The rise of New Industries. The assembly line divided operations into a single task. Mass production could make more and charge less. High supply = low demand/low cost.

Charles Lindbergh made the 1^st trans-Atlantic flight in 1927.

Rise of Radio Industry. Two radio broadcasting networks were born.  1926, National Broadcasting Company also known as NBC, and Columbia Broadcasting System also known as CBS.

The Rise of Consumer Goods. New household items such as washers, dryers, and ovens were mass-produced and sold in department stores. Business at department stores such as Sears and Roebuck, JC Penney, and Woolworths skyrocketed.

Rise of Advertising. Advertisers created messages that were appealing and persuasive that linked their products with convenience, leisure, success, fashion, and style.

Easy Consumer Credit. Before the 20’s most considered debt shameful. The prosperity of the 20’s gave people the confidence to not worry about going into debt. Americans began buying things such as cars, furniture,e and home appliances on credit.

American Standard of Living Soars. 1920-1929 were prosperous years for the U.S. Americans owned 40% of the world’s wealth. The average annual income rose 35% during the 1920s (from $522-$705).

Impact of Fundamentalists. Fundamentalists were mainly Christians. Many feared new moralities would threaten traditional values. They were against Keeping alcohol legal, the new morality exercised by women, and the teaching of evolution.

The 18^th Amendment outlawed the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcohol.

The National Prohibition Act was passed to enforce prohibition. It was also known as the Volstead Act.

Prohibition Failed. because drinking didn’t stop, people just did it illegally. People got their alcohol from a bootlegger.  A bootlegger is someone who sells alcohol illegally. It led to a rise in organized crime.

The Rise of Organized Crime benefited greatly from prohibition. Chicago was a city most known for organized crime. Chicago’s crime boss Al Capone was most famous. The 21st Amendment (1933) would end prohibition.

Speakeasies were secret bars where citizens went to drink. They were called speakeasies because people had to speak quietly when ordering their drinks.

Scopes Teaches Evolution. Tennessee teacher John Scopes broke the law and taught the scientific theory that man had evolved from apes. Scopes was arrested and put on trial.

Scopes was convicted and fined $100. The case opened the door for evolution to be taught in public schools.

18th Amendment - declared the production, transport, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal (prohibition)

19th Amendment- granted women the right to vote (women's suffrage)

21st Amendment- repealed the 18th Amendment (repeal of prohibition)

Flappers: Women who rebelled against the "lady-like" image and religious (fundamentalist) values. They took to drinking and smoking shortened their skirts and their hair, used birth control, wore makeup, and went out with boys unchaperoned.

Charles Lindbergh- first to fly non-stop solo across the Atlantic ocean

Amelia Earhart - the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

Heroes in Sports. Babe Ruth also known as the Sultan of Swat. Baseball player for the Ny Yankees; Jack Dempsey World champion heavyweight boxer.

Film Stars of the 1920's. Charlie Chaplin was a famous actor in silent movie comedies. Rudolph Valentino was an actor famous for his romantic roles in silent movies. He was also known as the
"Latin Lover"

Lost Generation Writers Were people that were disillusioned by all of the death that had transpired during the 1st world War. They were rebellious about what America had become by the 1900's.

Lost Generation Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term "Jazz Age, wrote Great Gatsby which criticized society's superficiality also wrote The Case of Benjamin Button which tells the tale of a man growing from old to young. He also criticized the upper classes.

Lost Generation Writer Ernest Hemingway fought in WWI. Wrote For Whom The Bell Tolls about the Spanish Civil War. Wrote The Old Man and the Sea about a Cuban Fisherman and Farewell to Arms about WWI.

Edwin Hopper painter captured the loneliness of people. He painted empty streets and solitary people.

Painter Georgia O'Keefe produced intensely colored painting of New York City. She later moved to New Mexico and painted nature, especially close ups of flowers.

The Nickelodeon Culture. In 1929 over 125 million movie ticket were sold each week. Charlie Chaplin was a silent movie star; in 1927 "The Jazz Singer" was the first talking movie.

Marcus Garvey. Jamaican-born immigrant; established UNIA, the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Believed in Black pride/Nationalism. Advocated racial because of black superiority.

Marcus Garvey believed that Blacks should return to Africa. He purchased a ship to start the journey called the Black Star Line. He attracted many investors; the gov't charged him with fraud. He was found guilty and was eventually deported to Jamaica.