APHUG 7.1

Warm Up

  • Mozambique Colonization

    • Colonized by Portugal from the early 1500s to 1975.

    • Explain the spatial relationship between railroads and urban areas in colonial Mozambique.

Railroads in Colonial Mozambique

  • Connection of Coastal and Interior Cities

    • Railroads linked coastal cities to the interior but not to each other.

    • Built to move resources from the interior to ports for shipping to Portugal for processing into manufactured goods.

Unit Overview

The Industrial Revolution and Economic Sectors

  • Unit 7 Day 1

Objectives

  • Understand the spatial patterns of industrial production.

  • Explain how the Industrial Revolution supported industrialization growth and diffusion.

  • AP Curriculum Focus:

    • 7.1 The Industrial Revolution

    • 7.2 Economic Sections and Patterns

Vocabulary

  • Key Terms:

    • Industrialization

    • Natural resources

    • Raw materials

    • Markets

    • Colonialism

    • Imperialism

    • Industrial Revolution

    • Economic Activities (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary)

    • Break of bulk point

    • Least cost theory

    • Core, Periphery, Semi-periphery

Economic Sectors Overview

Primary Economic Activities

  • Resource extraction/raw materials:

    • 1.8% of US economy.

    • Examples: Farming, fishing, oil, coal, minerals.

Secondary Economic Activities

  • Manufacturing & processing of raw materials:

    • 12.7% of US economy.

    • Examples: Factories, flour mills, breweries, bakeries.

Tertiary Economic Activities

  • Service industries/distribution:

    • 5.6% of US economy.

    • Examples: Banking, retail, restaurants, shipping.

Tertiary Economic Sector Subsets

Quaternary Economic Activities

  • Information processing:

    • 4.1% of US economy.

    • Examples: Education, consulting, financial planning.

Quinary Economic Activities

  • Top executives & decision-making:

    • 13.9% of US economy.

    • Examples: Scientific research, governmental roles.

Employment Structure

Comparison of Eastern and Southern Asia

  1. Compare sectoral structure of employment.

  2. Discuss limitations of employment data graph.

The Industrial Revolution - Origins

  • Originated in Britain (17th century claimed, 18th century acknowledged).

  • Shift from cottage industries (home-based production) to mass production.

Industrial Revolution Patterns and Processes

  • Driven by new technologies that:

    • Increased production quantity and variety.

    • Expanded markets through new transportation methods.

    • Increased natural resource demands.

  • Factory system emerged due to:

    • High equipment costs.

    • Need for machinery maintenance.

Factors Leading to Industrial Success in Britain

Key Attributes

  • Capital:

    • Coffee and tea houses for socializing and trade discussions.

    • Lloyd's coffee house: maritime trade information center.

    • Bank of England (1694): facilitated trade with stable currency.

Government and Legal System

  • Magna Carta: foundational principle that no one is above the law.

  • Established judicial system provides legal assurances.

Resource Availability in Britain

  • Major coalfields within the UK.

  • Iron ore deposits located across regions such as Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and England.

Scientific Knowledge and Exploration

  • Standardized measurements aided navigation.

  • Improved exploration safety through accurate distance marking.

Transportation Advances

  • Bridgewater Canal (1759): halved coal costs in Manchester.

  • Rail travel (from 1825): revolutionized material, product, and labor mobility.

Industrial Revolution Diffusion

Urban Influence

  • Cities like London and Paris became significant industrial hubs due to global connections.

Expansion Beyond Europe

  • Secondary Hearths of industrial activity in North America, Russia, Ukraine, and East Asia.

  • Early industrial growth in New England linked to raw material access.

  • St. Petersburg’s industrial boom included shipbuilding, with East Asia relying on imports for manufacturing.

Classical Location Theory

Economic Theorists

  • Alfred Marshall: Industry clustering (agglomeration).

  • Alfred Weber: Least cost theory focusing on reducing costs in transportation, labor, and agglomeration.

Location Triangle Concept

  • Weber developed a location triangle to minimize production costs by balancing:

    • Proximity to raw materials.

    • Labor availability (skilled/unskilled).

    • Industry clustering effects.

The Potteries and Sheffield Steel

  • Notable for their contributions to industrial advancement.

Raw Materials and Colonization Statistics

  • Trade flow and export values from various UK cities to Europe during colonial times.

  • Important trade centers included Glasgow, Liverpool, and Bristol, among others.

Exit Ticket Analysis

Industrial Output vs. Coal Deposits (2016)

  • Examine the spatial relationship between industrial output and the distribution of coal deposits.