APHUG 7.1

Warm Up

• Mozambique Colonization

  • Colonized by Portugal from the early 1500s to 1975.

  • Explain the spatial relationship between railroads and urban areas in colonial Mozambique.

Railroads in Colonial Mozambique

• Connection of Coastal and Interior Cities

  • Railroads linked coastal cities to the interior but not to each other.

  • Built to move resources from the interior to ports for shipping to Portugal for processing into manufactured goods.

Unit Overview

The Industrial Revolution and Economic Sectors

• Unit 7 Day 1

Objectives

• Understand the spatial patterns of industrial production.

• Explain how the Industrial Revolution supported industrialization growth and diffusion.

• AP Curriculum Focus:

  • 7.1 The Industrial Revolution

  • 7.2 Economic Sections and Patterns

Vocabulary

• Key Terms:

  • Industrialization

  • Natural resources

  • Raw materials

  • Markets

  • Colonialism

  • Imperialism

  • Industrial Revolution

  • Economic Activities (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary)

  • Break of bulk point

  • Least cost theory

  • Core, Periphery, Semi-periphery

Economic Sectors Overview

Primary Economic Activities

• Resource extraction/raw materials:

  • 1.8% of US economy.

  • Examples: Farming, fishing, oil, coal, minerals.

Secondary Economic Activities

• Manufacturing & processing of raw materials:

  • 12.7% of US economy.

  • Examples: Factories, flour mills, breweries, bakeries.

Tertiary Economic Activities

• Service industries/distribution:

  • 5.6% of US economy.

  • Examples: Banking, retail, restaurants, shipping.

Tertiary Economic Sector Subsets

Quaternary Economic Activities

• Information processing:

  • 4.1% of US economy.

  • Examples: Education, consulting, financial planning.

Quinary Economic Activities

• Top executives & decision-making:

  • 13.9% of US economy.

  • Examples: Scientific research, governmental roles.

Employment Structure

Comparison of Eastern and Southern Asia

1. Compare sectoral structure of employment.

2. Discuss limitations of employment data graph.

The Industrial Revolution - Origins

• Originated in Britain (17th century claimed, 18th century acknowledged).

• Shift from cottage industries (home-based production) to mass production.

Industrial Revolution Patterns and Processes

• Driven by new technologies that:

  • Increased production quantity and variety.

  • Expanded markets through new transportation methods.

  • Increased natural resource demands.

• Factory system emerged due to:

  • High equipment costs.

  • Need for machinery maintenance.

Factors Leading to Industrial Success in Britain

Key Attributes

• Capital:

  • Coffee and tea houses for socializing and trade discussions.

  • Lloyd's coffee house: maritime trade information center.

  • Bank of England (1694): facilitated trade with stable currency.

Government and Legal System

• Magna Carta: foundational principle that no one is above the law.

• Established judicial system provides legal assurances.

Resource Availability in Britain

• Major coalfields within the UK.

• Iron ore deposits located across regions such as Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and England.

Scientific Knowledge and Exploration

• Standardized measurements aided navigation.

• Improved exploration safety through accurate distance marking.

Transportation Advances

• Bridgewater Canal (1759): halved coal costs in Manchester.

• Rail travel (from 1825): revolutionized material, product, and labor mobility.

Industrial Revolution Diffusion

Urban Influence

• Cities like London and Paris became significant industrial hubs due to global connections.

Expansion Beyond Europe

• Secondary Hearths of industrial activity in North America, Russia, Ukraine, and East Asia.

• Early industrial growth in New England linked to raw material access.

• St. Petersburg’s industrial boom included shipbuilding, with East Asia relying on imports for manufacturing.

Classical Location Theory

Economic Theorists

• Alfred Marshall: Industry clustering (agglomeration).

• Alfred Weber: Least cost theory focusing on reducing costs in transportation, labor, and agglomeration.

Location Triangle Concept

• Weber developed a location triangle to minimize production costs by balancing:

  • Proximity to raw materials.

  • Labor availability (skilled/unskilled).

  • Industry clustering effects.

The Potteries and Sheffield Steel

• Notable for their contributions to industrial advancement.

Raw Materials and Colonization Statistics

• Trade flow and export values from various UK cities to Europe during colonial times.

• Important trade centers included Glasgow, Liverpool, and Bristol, among others.

Exit Ticket Analysis

Industrial Output vs. Coal Deposits (2016)

• Examine the spatial relationship between industrial output and the distribution of coal deposits.