1500 W25 - Lecture 6.1 - Slides (Embedded Audio)
Page 3: Defining Policing
Definition (Griffiths, 2013):
Policing refers to activities by individuals or organizations enforcing social order on behalf of public or private entities through lawful means.
Page 4: Cultural References
Pop Culture: Chicago P.D. (Reference to media representation of policing)
Page 5: Historical Overview of Canadian Policing
Early Municipal Policing:
1650s: Night watchmen in Quebec City—untrained volunteers.
1787: Introduction of constables in Montreal and Quebec City—appointed by Justices of the Peace.
1793: Establishment of high constables in Upper Canada—early forms of policing.
1858: Adoption of Boards of Commissioners in Upper Canada to oversee constables.
Page 6: The Influence of Robert Peel
Robert Peel & London Metropolitan Police (1829):
Principle: "The police are the public and the public are the police."
Emphasis on equity, accountability, transparency, and crime prevention.
Page 7: Peel's Principles Summary
Key Principles:
Mission to prevent crime and maintain order.
Police effectiveness linked to public approval.
Cooperation with the public essential for law observance.
Use of physical force as a last resort.
Police as representatives of community norms.
Page 9: 19th Century Challenges
Context: Mid-19th century—rapid industrialization and urbanization leading to:
Increase in urban crime.
Class tensions and police misconduct.
Professionalization: Early movements towards professional policing.
Page 13: Formation of Canada
British North America Act (1867):
Creation of Canada with Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
Federal authority establishes criminal law; provinces are responsible for enforcement.
Page 14: Post-Confederation Police Development
Federal Police Formation:
1868: Formation of the Dominion Police.
1873: Establishment of the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) to ensure western settlement and manage treaty relations.
Page 18: Technological Advances in Policing
Key Changes:
Late 1920s: Introduction of the automobile for patrol.
Late 1940s: Adoption of two-way radios for improved dispatch coordination.
1950s onward: Use of computers for data management and crime analytics.
Page 20: Recent Trends in Policing
Statistics (1962-2019):
Increased ratios of police officers and civilians per 100,000 population; rising costs and demand for policing services.
Page 21: Gender Representation in Policing
Female Officers:
Historical context: First female officers in 1913.
1970s: Significant recruitment and progress towards gender equity within ranks.
Page 24: Accountability Measures
Ontario Accountability Structure:
Internal and external oversight including police services boards and special investigation units.
Page 25: Crime Rate Trends
Police-reported Crime Statistics:
Data spans from 1962 to 2020 showing trends across property, violent, and total crime rates.
Page 28: Impression Management in Policing
Goffman's Dramaturgy:
Life viewed as performance; significant for police image management.
Page 29: Real-life Application of Impression Management
Personal Anecdote from Officer Tim:
Illustrates the pressure of maintaining a competent public image during crises.
Page 35: Discussion Questions
How has the perception of police changed over time?
In what ways has technology shifted public image management in policing?
What is the relationship between police image and legitimacy in authority?
Page 38: Kahoot Quiz Assignment
Details:
Complete the Kahoot related to lecture content within one week.
Nickname set as student number for participation.