Building Materials

Thermal expansion- change in length or volume which material or body undergoes being heated

Thermal conductivity- rate of transfer of heat by conduction

Sound Absorption- property possessed by the materials or objects of absorbing sound energy

Force- a push ( comprehensive) or a pull ( tensile)

Unit stress or (stress)- force per unit area over which force acts

Strength – the compability of a material to resists the forces

Strength of materials- ability to withstand an applied stress w/o failure

Compressive strength- capacity to withstand axially directed pushing forces

Tensile strength – maximum stress while being stretched or pulled

Shear strength- ability to withstand shearing

Hardness- resistance of a material to deformation by compression/ identation

Brittleness- which fractures under a low stress w/o deformation ; stronger compression weak tension

Ductility- capable of being stretched or deformed without fracturing; steel copper wrought iron

Malleability- metal; permits mechanical deformation by extrusion,forging, rolling

Elasticity – external load is applied it undergoes deformation and removal of the load and returns to its original shape

WEATHERABILITY-e properties of materials that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to effects of sun, wind, moistures and temperature changes.

ABRASION RESISTANCE- The properties of materials that enables it to resist being worn away by friction when rubbed with another object.

THERMAL RESISTIVITY- An index of materials to resistance to the transmission of heat-

ACID RESISTANCE- degree of which a surface, such as porcelain, enamel will resist attack by acid

FIRE RESISTANCE- The capacity of a material or construction to withstand fire or give protection from it

IMPACT RESISTANCE -The resistance of a surface or a material to shock such as hard blown.

Plasticity- a material does not regain its original shape on removal of the external load

Viscosity- property to flown in fluid

Tear resistance- property of materials that allows it to resist being torn apart or for it be divided

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE- the ability of a material to conduct electricity

Permeability- property of material that allow liquid to get through a material

Corrosion resistance- property that enables it to wear away by rustling

WOODS- Tough fibrous cellular substance that makes up most of the stem and branches of the tree

Bark- the tough external covering of a woody stem

Pith- intermost central portion of a tress or medulla

Heartwood- older harder inactive core of a tree

Sapwood- younger and softer living portion of wood between the camblum and heartwood

Inner bark- layer of tissue ; carries food from the leaves

XYLEM- Woody tissue of a tree ; provides support and conducts water

Annual Ring- a concentric layer of wood

Bark- external covering of a woody stem; composed of a living inner layer ( phloem)

Camblum- A thin layer of reproductive tissue between the phloem and xylem

Phloem- a layer of tissue that carries food from the leaves ( Inner Bark)

MEDULLARY RAYS- The ribbon of tissue extending radially from the pith

ANNUAL RING- A concentric layers of wood produced during a single year’s growth of a temperate tree. Also called GROWTH RING

PITH- The soft central core about which first growth take place in a newly formed stem

Features of Wood- resistant to fibers; good isolation ; not withstand fire; light weight; resists salt and moisture; renewable resource

Hardwood- wood from the broad-leaved flowering tree such as apitong, narra, tanguile yacal, etc. ; from dicot angios perm trees; temperate: deciduous

Decidious- Shedding leaves at the end of growing season

Species of Hardwoods- Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) • Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) • Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) • Molave (Vitex parviflora) • Yakal (Shorea astylosa) • Toog (Petersianthus quadri

SoftWood- from a conifer;evergreen; longlear pine, douglas, fir and yew

Species of Softwood- Cedar, Apitong, Alder, Ash, Pine,

Lumber- wood after it is sawed or sliced into boards, planks, sticks,

Rough Lumber- is swan, edged, trimmed but not surfaced

Dressed Lumber- s surfaced with a planning machine to attain a smooth surface and uniform size

Nominal Dimension- dimension of lumber before drying and surfacing used for convenience in defining size and computing quantity; inch marks

Dressed Size- dimension of lumber after seasoning and surfacing from m 3/8 to 3/4inches less than the nominal dimension

Grade- classification of lumber in regards to strength and utility in accordance with the grading rules of an approved lumber grading agency.

Yard Lumber- Softwood lumber intended for general building purposes, including boards, dimension lumbers, and timbers

Seasoning- process of removing moisture from wood aka conditioning or curing

Methods of Seasoning of Lumber- Natural and Artificial,Natural Method

Measurement of Lumber- Boardfoot is a unit of quantity for lumber equal to the volume of a piece whose nominal dimensions are 12 x1

BUILDING STONES – Stones or pieces of basic material rock

IGNEOUS - formed as the result of the cooling of molten matter.

SEDIMENTARY - formed by the action of water either by .depositing

METAMORPHIC - rocks changed from their original structure by the action of extreme pressure, heat, or various combinations of these forces

ARGILLITE - one formed ·from clay, commonly dark-blue with faint shades of green

GRANITE - is of igneous origin and composed of quartz, feldspar, hornblende and mica. Its generally very hard, strong durable and capable of taking a high polish. For

LIMESTONE - is a sedimentary rock which is either oolitic, or calcite cemented alcareous stone formed of shells fragments.

METALS- Is a material that, when freshly prepared; lustrous appearance, ;conducts electricity and heat relatively well. typically ductile (can be drawn into wires) and malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets)

FERROUS METALS- Has iron in its composition. It is magnetic.  Comes from a Latin word 'ferrum’ means iron.  Examples: ◦ steel ◦ cast iron

NON-FERROUS METALS- Without iron in its composition ; Use of magnet  Malleability

STEEL- An alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance • world's most important engineering and construction material • high tensile strength and low cost.

ALLOY STEEL- A type of steel alloyed with several elements such as molybdenum, manganese, nickel, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron that increase strength, hardness, wear

resistance, and toughness