Peter Abelard (Petrus Abaelardus), the most well-known thinker of the 12th century, discusses the problem of time, in particular in the context of his reconsideration of the logic of Aristotle, which he was familiar with from the Categories and De interpretatione. Peter Abelard was known as Petrus Abaelardus.

He asserts that time should be viewed as "a quantity according to the permanence of which we measure the existence of all things, when we prove something to be, to have been, or to come into being at a given existing time."

There is only one time that can be used to measure everything, including itself, according to Abelard, who rejects the notion that everything has its own time. This era is global in scope and depends on every facet of the world. In the same way as there is only one body and one unity in the entire cosmos, there is only one time in the many elements of the world.

However, there is just a single, unbroken stream of sequential instants that cannot be separated from one another in actuality. Because of this, it is possible to speak about composite time and the components that make up that time "according to the imposition of names, not the presence of objects."

The question of time and eternity is not given much weight in Abelard's philosophical speculations. He only asserts that time can be considered to be a component of "eternity" due to the fact that time, which began to exist simultaneously with the Creation, only takes up a very small portion of that total. a wholeness that can be referred to as the unending existence of God.

One of the first approaches of a philosopher of language to the problem of time, Abelard's theory of time results in a critical stance toward external ontological assumptions, in contrast to the Platonist William of Conches.

Adam, Creation of

Throughout the course of history, a great number of hypotheses concerning the beginnings of the human species have been put up. The account of Adam's creation is central to the theological framework of the monotheistic Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This story can be found in the book of Genesis, which is the first book of the Torah. The Torah consists of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (for Christians, the Old Testament). According to the Book of Genesis, God created the entire universe in the span of just six days. The word "genesis" comes from the Latin word for "birth," which also means "creation" or "beginning." On the sixth day, he used dust from the ground to fashion Adam, the first man, in his own image. Adam was the first human. He was given control over everything on Earth, regardless of how big or small it was. After making the decision that Adam should not be the first man to have a companion, God formed Eve from Adam's side. Eve was the first woman. God gave them the command to have a lot of children and to multiply, and the whole human race is descended from their union.

The concept that something was created out of nothing is a tenet shared by the Abrahamic religions. Before the beginning of creation, this is the belief that the entire universe consisted of nothing but God and the heavens. However, the narrative is emphasized in a unique way by each of the world's major religions.

Some people believe that God created man to be a hermaphrodite just like himself (God having no gender). Then, after considering the situation, God decided that it would be inappropriate for this human to remain by themselves, so He removed a portion of it, splitting it into two distinct portions — a male and a female.

According to texts from the Sybilline Oracles, which date from the second century BCE to the fifth century CE, the name is an acronym for the Greek words for the four directions: anatole (east), dusis (west), arktos (north), and mesembria (middle). These words were used in ancient Greece (south). According to the teachings of a rabbi who lived in the second century, the name is believed to derive from the Hebrew terms for dust, blood, and gall, which are afer, dam, and marah respectively (CE).

Some Christians incorporate contemporary scientific theories into the narrative of the Bible. For instance, they would argue that the biblical account of the Creation actually took place, but it did so over a period of billions of years, which would support the findings of geological studies. However, devout believers in the Bible hold the view that the Creation took place in six days of 24 hours each and that the age of the earth is no more than a few thousand years. This story is also where the Christian doctrine of "original sin" gets its start. Christians believe that at the beginning of time, humanity was in a flawless state; nevertheless, as a result of human failings, evil spread over the world.