Pharma Test 11 study-guide 1

Safe Medication Administration Review Questions

Question 1: Correctly interpret this order: Phenergan 25mg IM, q6h, PRN nausea.
- A. Incorrect - Phenergan 25mg, intermittently, per rectum, for nausea
- B. Correct - Phenergan 25mg intramuscular, every 6 hours, as needed for nausea
- C. Incorrect - Phenergan 25mg in the mouth, 6 times a day, as needed for nausea
- D. Incorrect - Phenergan 25mg intramuscular, 6 times a day, as needed for nausea

Question 2: What are the two patient identifiers used during drug administration?
- A. Incorrect - Name and social security number
- B. Incorrect - Medical record number and date of birth
- C. Correct - Name and date of birth
- D. Incorrect - Address and medical record number

Question 3: What information should be gathered before administering medication for pain?
- A. Correct - When the patient last received the medication
- B. Incorrect - Whether the patient’s insurance will pay for the medication
- C. Incorrect - Whether the patient’s family believes the patient should take the medication
- D. Incorrect - Whether you have time to administer the medication since your shift is nearly over

Question 4: Your patient does not wish to take their ordered medications. What should you do?
- A. Incorrect - Tell the patient that they are required to take the medication
- B. Incorrect - Tell the patient that they will die if they do not follow the provider orders
- C. Correct - Explain why the medication is needed and the risks of not taking it as ordered
- D. Incorrect - Inform the provider that the patient is noncompliant and needs a psychiatric consult

Question 5: What is the generic name of this medication?
- A. Incorrect - Tagamet
- B. Correct - Cimetidine
- C. Incorrect - Smith Kline
- D. Incorrect - I don’t know

Question 6: What kind of drug order is this: Terbutaline 0.25mg IV now?
- A. Correct - STAT order
- B. Incorrect - PRN order
- C. Incorrect - Standing order
- D. Incorrect - Now order

Question 7: What is the most common reason for drug errors?
- A. Correct - Having two medications that sound alike
- B. Incorrect - Lack of training in how to administer drugs
- C. Incorrect - An inability to figure dosage calculations
- D. Incorrect - Failure to adhere to the rights of administration

Question 8: You are very busy and your patient has asked repeatedly for pain medication. Which task can your co-worker complete for you?
- A. Incorrect - Prepare the drug and give it to you to administer
- B. Correct - Identify the patient and ask them about their allergies
- C. Incorrect - Check the provider order and retrieve the drug from the med room
- D. Incorrect - Help your other patient up to the bathroom while you give this patient’s pain medication

Question 1: Which neurotransmitter is excitatory?
- A. Correct - Epinephrine
- B. Incorrect - GABA
Question 2: Which neurotransmitter is inhibitory?
- A. Incorrect - Norepinephrine
- B. Correct - GABA

Question 3: Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles and are released into the synaptic cleft when an impulse occurs.

Question 4: Fill in the blanks: The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 5: Which occur as a result of sympathetic stimulation? Select all that apply:
- A. Correct - Increased heart rate
- B. Incorrect - Bronchoconstriction
- C. Incorrect - Faster digestion
- D. Correct - Release of epinephrine

Question 6: Which occur as a result of parasympathetic stimulation? Select all that apply:
- A. Correct - Release of acetylcholine
- B. Correct - Bronchoconstriction
- C. Incorrect - Pupil dilation
- D. Correct - Faster digestion

Question 7: Fill in the blanks: If a drug binds to a receptor and stimulates or mimics neurotransmitter action, it is called an agonist. If a drug binds to a receptor and blocks neurotransmitters from binding to their receptors, it is called an antagonist.

Question 8: How do reuptake inhibitors work?
- A. Incorrect - They destroy neurotransmitters before they are released from the presynaptic nerve
- B. Correct - They block neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic nerve
- C. Incorrect - They increase the production of neurotransmitters in the presynaptic nerve
- D. Incorrect - They block the receptors on the postsynaptic nerve so neurotransmitters cannot attach

Neurotransmitter Functions: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers used by the nervous system to transmit signals or impulses from neurons to other cells of the body (e.g., muscle cells).
Divisions: The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Agonists vs. Antagonists: Agonists activate receptors and increase the action of neurotransmitters or mimic their action. Antagonists block receptor sites on the cell.

Absorption: Process of drug entering the bloodstream.
Distribution: Process of drug being distributed to target cells.
Metabolism: Process of drug being broken down by the body, mainly in the liver.
Elimination: Process of drug being excreted from the body.

Definition: The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to reduce to half its original value.

Pharmacodynamics: Study of how drugs affect the body.
Mechanism of Action: How a drug produces its effects in the body.
Rights of Drug Administration: Includes the right patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation, diagnosis, response, and right to refuse.

Right Patient: Use two identifiers to confirm the patient’s identity (name and DOB).
Right Drug: Ensure the correct drug is prepared against the provider's order.
Right Dose: Prepare the correct dosage based on available concentration.
Right Route: Confirm the route of administration matches the order.
Right Time: Ensure timely administration, especially for PRN medications.
Right Documentation: Document administration and patient response after giving medication.
Right Diagnosis: Be aware of the patient’s diagnosis and relevant lab results.
Right Response: Monitor for expected therapeutic outcomes and side effects.
Right to Refuse: Patients have the right to refuse medication and should understand the consequences.

Pediatric Considerations for NSAIDs: Assess for age-appropriate dosing and side effects.
Corticosteroids: Know their mechanism of action, adverse effects, and patient education.
Substance Control: Understand the schedules of controlled substances and the implications for prescribing.
Opioids and Side Effects: Monitor for constipation, drowsiness, and risk of addiction.
Teaching for NSAIDs and acetaminophen: Discuss dosing, side effects, and the importance of monitoring liver function.

Inflammatory Response: Recognize conditions that trigger inflammation, the mediators involved, and potential complications.
Pain Management: Understand the pharmacology of analgesics, their classifications, and the importance of patient assessment regarding pain management.
Comforting Compliance: Provide proper patient education to ensure compliance and understanding of medication effects.