free association “ In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing”
Id “ A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. the ID operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification”
Ego “ The largely conscious executive part of Personality that according took fruit mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. the ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the its desires and ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain”
Superego “The part of Personality that, according to freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations”
psychosexual stages
Oral “
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Identification “ The process by which, according to freud, Children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegoes”
Fixation “A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved”
defense mechanisms
Regression
Reaction Formation
Projection
Rationalization
Displacement
Sublimation
Denial
Repression
collective unconscious “Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history”
projective test “A personality test that provides ambitious images designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics”
Thematic Apperception Test “ a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stories they made up about ambiguous scenes.”
Rohrshach inkblot test “ the most widely used projective test; a set of 10 in blocks, designed by Herman church; seeks to identify people‘s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots”
self-actualization “ according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met, and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential”
unconditional positive regard “ a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness, and self acceptance”
self-concept “ all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves and answer to the question, who am i”
trait “ a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as asserted by self report, inventories, and peer reports”
personality inventory “ a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behavior; used to assess selected personality traits”
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) “ the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes”
reciprocal determinism “ the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, end environment”
spotlight effect “ over estimating others, noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders”
Self-efficacy “ one sense of competence and effectiveness”
self-serving bias “ readiness to perceive one self favorably”
individualism “ giving priority to one’s own goals over group, goals, and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification”
collectivism “ giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining ones identity accordingly”
“Big Five” Personality Traits
Openness
Conscientiousness “ our subjective awareness of ourselves in our environment”
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Carl Jung
Albert Bandura
Knowt
Note
Studied by 11 people
