Untitled Flashcards Set

Sure! Here are the terms in flashcard format:

Flashcard 1

Front: Alimentary Canal
Back: The long tube through which food passes during digestion, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Flashcard 2

Front: Lumen
Back: The inside space of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or an organ like the intestines or esophagus.

Flashcard 3

Front: Propulsion
Back: The process by which food moves through the digestive tract, including peristalsis and swallowing.

Flashcard 4

Front: Absorption
Back: The process by which nutrients from digested food are taken up into the bloodstream or lymphatic system, mainly occurring in the small intestine.

Flashcard 5

Front: Bolus
Back: A soft mass of chewed food mixed with saliva, ready to be swallowed.

Flashcard 6

Front: Chyme
Back: The semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices found in the stomach and small intestine.

Flashcard 7

Front: Peristalsis
Back: The wave-like muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.

Flashcard 8

Front: Segmentation
Back: A type of movement in the intestines that mixes food with digestive enzymes without moving it along the digestive tract.

Flashcard 9

Front: Mastication
Back: The process of chewing food, which breaks it down into smaller pieces to facilitate digestion.

Flashcard 10

Front: Chemical Digestion
Back: The breakdown of food through enzymatic reactions, converting food into absorbable nutrients.

Flashcard 11

Front: Salivary Amylase
Back: An enzyme in saliva that begins the breakdown of carbohydrates (starches) into simpler sugars.

Flashcard 12

Front: Pancreatic Amylase
Back: An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that continues the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine.

Flashcard 13

Front: Lipases
Back: Enzymes that break down fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Flashcard 14

Front: Pepsin
Back: An enzyme found in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins into smaller peptides.

Flashcard 15

Front: Trypsin
Back: A pancreatic enzyme that further breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids in the small intestine.

Flashcard 16

Front: Lactase
Back: An enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

Flashcard 17

Front: Maltase
Back: An enzyme that breaks down maltose (a sugar) into two glucose molecules.

Flashcard 18

Front: Sucrase
Back: An enzyme that breaks down sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose.

Flashcard 19

Front: Dipeptidases
Back: Enzymes that break down dipeptides (two amino acids linked together) into individual amino acids.

Flashcard 20

Front: Mechanical Digestion
Back: The physical breakdown of food, such as chewing and churning, that helps in digestion.

Flashcard 21

Front: Gastric Glands
Back: Glands in the stomach that secrete gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and digestive enzymes.

Flashcard 22

Front: Gastric Pits
Back: Indentations in the stomach lining that contain gastric glands.

Flashcard 23

Front: Mucous Cells
Back: Cells in the stomach lining that secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment.

Flashcard 24

Front: Regenerative Cells
Back: Cells in the stomach lining that produce new cells to replace those that are worn out or damaged.

Flashcard 25

Front: Enteroendocrine Cells
Back: Cells in the digestive tract that secrete hormones to regulate digestion (e.g., gastrin).

Flashcard 26

Front: Intrinsic Factor
Back: A glycoprotein produced by parietal cells in the stomach that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

Flashcard 27

Front: HCl (Hydrochloric Acid)
Back: A strong acid secreted by parietal cells in the stomach that helps in the digestion of food and kills harmful bacteria.

Flashcard 28

Front: Chief Cells
Back: Cells in the stomach that secrete pepsinogen, an inactive form of pepsin, which is activated by HCl.

Flashcard 29

Front: Parietal Cells
Back: Cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

Flashcard 30

Front: Brush Border
Back: The microvilli-covered surface of the small intestine that increases surface area for nutrient absorption.

Flashcard 31

Front: Microvilli
Back: Tiny hair-like projections on the surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Flashcard 32

Front: Villus (Villi)
Back: Finger-like projections of the mucosa in the small intestine that contain capillaries and lacteals for nutrient absorption.

Flashcard 33

Front: Circular Folds
Back: Permanent folds in the lining of the small intestine that increase surface area and slow down the passage of food for more efficient absorption.

Flashcard 34

Front: Bile Salts
Back: Compounds in bile that help in the emulsification of fats, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

Flashcard 35

Front: Emulsification
Back: The process by which bile salts break down large fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for lipases to act on.

Flashcard 36

Front: Bicarbonate Ions
Back: Ions secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine that neutralize stomach acid and create a favorable pH for digestive enzymes.

Flashcard 37

Front: Micelle
Back: A tiny, spherical arrangement of bile salts and lipids that helps transport lipids to the intestinal cells for absorption.

Flashcard 38

Front: Chylomicron
Back: A lipoprotein particle that transports lipids (fats) absorbed from the intestines to the lymphatic system and bloodstream.

Flashcard 39

Front: Lacteal
Back: A lymphatic vessel in the villus of the small intestine that absorbs lipids and transports them to the lymphatic system.

Flashcard 40

Front: Mucosa
Back: The innermost layer of the digestive tract that contains epithelial cells, glands, and lymphatic tissue involved in digestion and absorption.

Flashcard 41

Front: Submucosa
Back: The layer of connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Flashcard 42

Front: Muscularis Externa
Back: The muscle layer of the digestive tract responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

Flashcard 43

Front: Serosa
Back: The outermost layer of the digestive tract, made up of connective tissue and covered by a layer of epithelial cells, providing protection and support.

This format makes it easy to study these terms using flashcards! You can review the definitions on the back after testing yourself on the front.