AC

unit 3

3.1

Host city- a city where a major event is happen

Ex: Paris 2024

Spectators - people who watch an event

International airports- airports with flights to and from other countries

Budget flights- sometimes called no-frills flights, these are cheap at low cost flights.budget flight tickets pricesdo not include certain services such as in-flight food and drink

Low cost flights - budget flights . Low cost flights do not include additional passengers services (frills) in the ticket price

In- flight - describes passengers services provided by airlines during aircraft flights. In - flight services include food and drinks and entertainment such as movies

Transfer- travel between a transport hub or gateway such as an airport and a destination

Public transport-transport available for anyone to use buses trams and trains are examples of public transport

Ancillary services- extra support services travel and tourism and ancillary services include tour guiding care and cycle hire end currency exchange

Components-part of a package holiday or package tour examples are package components are travel and accommodation

Currency exchange-changing the cash used in one country into the cash used in another country

for example Americans visiting Paris changing USD to euros

3.1 The role of tourism organizations

Travel agents

  • retail shops

  • Online businesses using websites or single media

Tour operators

  • organize travel and tourism packages

  • Packages can be sold directly by a tour operator

  • Indirectly through types of packages holidays

Accommodation providers

  • Hotels

  • Guest houses

  • Including BNB

  • Homestay

  • Serviced apartments

Guest houses- accommodation on a small scale such as in a house

B&B ( bed and breakfast) - sleeping accommodation room with a bed and breakfast

Hostel- A bass type of accommodation hostels often have shared sleeping accommodations such as dormitories

Serviced apartments- A type of South catering accommodation services such as cleaning are providing and Serviced apartments

Travel agents

  • sell products and services that other travel and tourism organization providing

    • packages hoilday

    • Cruises

    • Travel insurance

  • Packaged holidays - are holidays made up of components put together and sold as one product. typically package holiday components include travel accommodation

  • Retail shops

    • using Websites and social media to sell their product

  • All inclusive packages are often mass-market packages

Mass market- Relating to the market of all customers packages

  • mass market packages are sold to all customers

    • for example Mauritius and two theme park (Florida, Orlando)

    • Tour operators provide speciality packages to be sold to special interest tourist for example specialist water sport package for sport tourist customers

    • Dynamic packages are packages organized by tour operators from components that are chosen by customers

      for example inbound tour operators in Zimbabwe may organize a package for customers who chosen a destination to visit Zimbabwe

    • Special catering- A style of accommodation customers provide and cook food themselves

accommodation types

  • luxury ( more expensive high-quality meals lots of services)

  • Budget ( cheaper more basic accommodation)

  • Eco- friendly (environmentally sustainable accommodation)

Serviced accommodation-is where tourist overnight are provided with services such as food and drink cleaning and housekeeping

  • Full board half for bed and breakfast and room service meal plans

Meal plan - A way of servicing meals and accommodation

for example bed and breakfast is an international law plan

  • meal plans are mostly international

  • Fill board( all meals provided)

  • Half board ( breakfast and one meal per day)

Alternative plan differs from international meal plan for example hotel providing two meals per day but not breakfast

Self catering accommodation provide and cook

Homesharing- tourist shared the home of local people

Rentals -tourist rent a house or apartment

Occupancy rates- The percent of accommodation space or room and use for example hotel with an occupancy rate of 50% is half full

  • high occupancy rates mean the business is more profitable

  • Hello occupancy rates often happen in the low season

Food and drink providers

  • Definition: Food and drink providers are travel and tourism organisations that provide food and/or drinks for sale.

  • Types of food and drink providers:

    • Restaurants: serve meals to customers who sit down to eat.

    • Cafes: provide drinks, snacks and sometimes meals to customers who may sit or stand.

    • Local street food vendors: have stalls or carts in the street and sell snacks that are typical of the local food of a destination.

    • Takeaways (takeouts): travel and tourism businesses that sell food for customers to take away to eat elsewhere, for example, in tourists' self-catering accommodation.

Visitor attractions

  • Visitor attractions are places and events that appeal to tourists.

  • Visitor attractions can be:

    • natural attractions, for example, beaches and waterfalls;

    • built attractions, for example, museums and theme parks;

    • events such as sports competitions and arts festivals, which also attract tourists.

Natural attractions

  • Natural attractions are places that appeal to tourists because of the environment.

  • Examples include: spectacular scenery for sightseeing; waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, valleys, beautiful lakes and cliff coastlines.

  • Beaches can be scenically beautiful and also attract tourists who want to sunbathe, picnic, swim or enjoy watersports.

  • The nature and wildlife of rural areas and the marine life of coral reefs are also examples of how natural attractions appeal to tourists.

Built attractions

  • Built attractions are buildings and monuments that appeal to visitors.

  • Museums, art galleries and historical monuments attract cultural tourists.

  • Historic and beautiful buildings and ruins such as castles, fortresses and religious buildings also attract tourists.

  • Travel and tourism organisations manage built attractions and often sell tickets to tourists, as well as providing guided tours, gift shops and cafés.

Events

  • Events are time-limited happenings that appeal to tourists.

  • Examples include sports competitions such as the Olympic Games, arts festivals and religious celebrations.

  • Events in destinations attract visitors and help to increase low season occupancy rates at hotels.

Ancillary service providers

  • Definition: Ancillary service providers are travel and tourism organisations that provide services to tourists other than travel, accommodation, food and drink and visitor attractions.

  • Characteristic: Ancillary services are extra or additional services that are not usually included in package holidays.

Tour agents/guided tours

  • Tour agents in destinations are tour operators that provide guided tours as a tourism service.

  • Example: tourists visiting a historic city destination may choose to hire a local guide to show them the local built attractions.

  • Example: tourists visiting a rural (countryside) destination may hire a local guide to explain the local scenery and wildlife.

Currency exchange

  • International tourists may need to exchange the currency of their home country for the currency of the destination.

  • Examples: inbound tourists to many European countries may need euros (the local currency of many European countries); tourists to the USA need US dollars; visitors to India need rupees.

  • Travel and tourism organisations including travel agents and some larger hotels provide currency exchange as an additional, ancillary service for customers.

Car hire / bike hire

  • Car hire and bicycle hire are examples of local transport rental services in destinations.

  • Tourists visiting a destination may choose to rent a car or a bicycle to move around more easily.

  • Travel agents may provide car and bicycle hire as ancillary services.

  • Customers buying a package holiday from a travel agent could choose to pay for car or bicycle hire as an optional extra.

  • Large hotels in destinations sometimes allow car and bicycle hire providers to operate desks in the hotel.

  • Car and bicycle hire desks in an all-inclusive hotel may be provided as an extra, ancillary service for customers.

3.2

Interdependency-two or more travel and tourism organizations rely on each other to provide their products and services

  • example: Airlines cannot operate without airports to land travel agencies tour operators to create a package to sell

Interrelationship- When chapel in tour is an organizations choose to work together

  • example: hostels that don’t provide food and drinks might interrelationship with a local restaurant

Interdependency means that organizations are mutually dependent on each other they rely on each other and cannot provide their product without the other

Air transport

  • used by domestic and international tourist

  • International tourist often travel by air cause it’s faster

  • Cheaper budget flights increased the number of tourists choosing to fly

Domestic is more of ground travel buses railroads and trains

Short- haul flights- A flight lasting less than a few (between three and six )hours

  • budget flights are short haul flights

    water transport

    • tourist use this for cruise holidays

Cruise - A leisure journey usually on water

  • exmaple: Caribbean Sea cruise ship

  • Ferries services Carries tourist in vehicles (cars and buses) between destinations or different places with in a destination

  • Ferries provide timetable water transport services between destinations or across the water destinations

Water taxis - are small boats that Taurus can hire to travel from one part of a destination to another

Gondola - A traditional boat used by tourist in the city destination of Venice in Italia

Rail transport

  • provide rail transport between within urban cities destinations for example trains including luxury train services trams and MRT

Mass rapid transit - A type of rail transport used in some city destinations MRT trains transport large number of people quickly and often cheaper

Road transport

  • tourist use road transport to travel to destinations and within destinations

    • for example car higher taxis buses shuttle buses

Scheduled- an air flight that is timetabled

Charter flights -an air flight that is especially organized charter flights are not part of an airline timetable or schedule

different type of transport that are appeal

  • Cost : some transport is cheaper to use

  • Time: some transport is quicker

  • Sustainability: some transport is more eco-friendly

  • Comfort and enjoyment

3.4

  • sustainable development in the travel and transport industry reduce emissions

Emissions- gases that come out of the exhaust of an engine. engines that use carbon based fuel such as diesel and patrol emit carbon dioxide

  • Low emissions reduces the amount of pollution

Low emissions- describes transport that causes reduce air pollution. emissions of polluting exhaust gases such as carbon dioxide Are low

  • example: low emissions air crash/cruise ships

    • A sustainable travel method of transport is cycling to reduce air pollution

Alternative energy source

  • Sustainable transport use Covid replacement to reduce emission

    • Exmaple:buses use hydrogen fuel instead of carbon based or diesel fuel

Integrated transport-lead to transport integrated transport makes it easy to exchange from one transfer type to another

  • Exmaple: Changing from tram/bus to bicycle goal at a tram/bus stop

3.5

Electric scooters -are a sustainable type of mass personal use transport. They are available for public use in many destinations

  • domestic and international transport are interdependent

Interdependent– Transport that depends on another linked train from an airport depend on aircraft flights to the airport

  • Example - local transport relies on international travel ( buses, Taxis ) well international flights depend on tourist access to this transport

Improving accessibility

Express links - A fast transfer (transit )transport service connecting

  • example – an airport and a destination city centered (downtown areas)

    • Express rail link services from Orlando international airport in the US

Integrated rapid transit systems – a transport system in a destination that makes it easy for people to change from one type of transport to another

  • example – the MRT system in Singapore

Contactless payments – a payment made without physical contact between a payment card and a payment device

  • paying contactless improves accessibility because it’s quicker

  • Apps are away tours used to pay contactlessly

  • Visitor also are use the app to find transport choices

  • Buying e-tickets

  • Making online reservations

Hub Airport - an airport with flights and transport to Another place . Tourist arriving at a hub airport can travel to another city or country

  • Example – Orlando international airport in the USA Copenhagen airport and Denmark, Europe

Increased sustainability

  • urban transit – travel within the city destination

    • example – transfer between airport and hotel

Alternative transport options

  • they are sustainable

    • example – electric scooters, bicycles